细菌细胞分裂位点的调控机制及其研究进展

大肠杆菌细胞内共有3个潜在的分裂位点，一个在细胞中部，另外两个位于细胞的两极。正常情况下，细菌仅利用中部的分裂位点以二分裂方式进行细胞的对称分裂。大肠杆菌细胞分裂时，中部潜在分裂位点的选择受到min操纵子(含minC、minD、minE3个基因)的精细调控。minC基因所编码的MinC蛋白是细胞分裂的抑制因子，与具有ATPase活性的MinD蛋白结合后被激活。在MinE蛋白的作用下，MinC和MinD蛋白在大肠杆菌细胞的两极问来回振荡。整个振荡周期中，MinC蛋白在细胞两极的两个潜在分裂位点处所停留的时间较长，分裂复合物无法正常组装，因而细胞两极的潜在分裂位点被屏蔽；而MinC蛋白在细胞中部的分裂位点所停留的时间较短，不能有效地抑制分裂复合物的组装，因此，各种细胞分裂蛋白在中部的分裂位点组装形成稳定的分裂复合物，使正常的细胞分裂得以进行。

Review of Studies on the Regulation Mechanism of the Division Site in Prokaryocyte

In bacterial cells, selection of the proper division site at midcell requires the specific inhibitions of septation at two other potential sites, locate at each of the cell pole. This site specific inhibition of septation is mediated by the gene products of the min locus including three genes: minC, minD, and minE. Genetic and expression studies have revealed that MinC encode an inhibitor of division that is activated by MinD and toplogically regulated by MinE. Recent localization studies of functional Min proteins tagged with green fluorescent proteins have provide some insight into this topological regulation and revealed a fascinating oscillation of MinC and MinD between the cell halves. In this paper, it is reviewed that the progress on the regulation mechanism of the division site in bacterial cells by introducing the structure and their interaction of the study on Min proteins.