Dependency analysis of frequency and strength of gamma oscillations on input difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurons

It has been found that gamma oscillations and the oscillation frequencies are regulated by the properties of external stimuli in many biology experimental researches. To unveil the underlying mechanism, firstly, we reproduced the experimental observations in an excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neuronal network that the oscillation became stronger and moved to a higher frequency band (gamma band) with the increasing of the input difference between E/I neurons. Secondly, we found that gamma oscillation was induced by the unbalance between positive and negative synaptic currents, which was caused by the input difference between E/I neurons. When this input difference became greater, there would be a stronger gamma oscillation (i.e., a higher peak power in the power spectrum of the population activity of neurons). Further investigation revealed that the frequency dependency of gamma oscillation on the input difference between E/I neurons could be explained by the well-known mechanisms of inter-neuron-gamma (ING) and pyramidal-interneuron-gamma (PING). Finally, we derived mathematical analysis to verify the mechanism of frequency regulations and the results were consistent with the simulation results. The results of this paper provide a possible mechanism for the external stimuli-regulated gamma oscillations.