The effect of dissolved oxygen and salinity on the toxicity of ammonia to smolts of salmon, Salmo salar L. |
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Authors: | J S Alabaster D G Shurben G Knowles |
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Institution: | Water Research Centre, Stevenage Laboratory, Elder Way, Stevenage, Herts. SGI 1TH, England |
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Abstract: | The survival of Atlantic salmon smolts on exposure to constant concentrations of ammonia has been measured under laboratory conditions. At concentrations of dissolved oxygen close to the air-saturation value, the 24-h LC50 of un-ionised ammonia is 0.15 mg NH31?1 in fresh water (hardness 264 mg 1?1 as CaCO3) and 0.3 mg NH31?1 in 30% sea water; at concentrations of dissolved oxygen of 3.5 mg 1?1 in fresh water and 3.1 mg 1?1 in 30% sea water, the 24-h LC50 is 0.09 mg NH3 1?1 and 0.12 mg NH3 1?1 respectively; for fish acclimated for 1 day to a concentration of ammonia close to the 24-h median for un-acclimated fish, the median is increased between 38 and 79%, depending on test conditions. |
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