Genome Editing—Principles and Applications for Functional Genomics Research and Crop Improvement |
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| Authors: | Hui Zhang Jinshan Zhang Zhaobo Lang José Ramón Botella |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China;2. Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China;4. Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Genome editing technologies are powerful tools for studying gene function and for crop improvement. The technologies rely on engineered endonucleases to generate double stranded breaks (DSBs) at target loci. The DSBs are repaired through the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways in cells, resulting in mutations and sequence replacement, respectively. In the widely used CRISPR/Cas9 system, the endonuclease Cas9 is targeted by a CRISPR small RNA to DNA sequence of interest. In this review, we describe the four available types of genome editing tools, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1, and show their applications in functional genomics research and precision molecular breeding of crops. |
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| Keywords: | Gene editing ZFN TALEN CRISPR Cas9 Cpf1 Genomics Precision molecular breeding |
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