野生玫瑰果实发育过程中种子的细胞组织结构和内源激素变化对其休眠性的影响

以吉林珲春自然群落的野生玫瑰(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)为试验材料,探究野生玫瑰在果实形成过程中种子的发育及休眠性的形成和变化。选取青果期(1~35 d)、转色期(35~60 d)、红果期(60~75 d)的果实及种子,结合形态学、组织细胞学观察法及高效液相色谱技术,对果实各发育时期的种子形态、种胚及内果皮的发育进行研究,并分析种子内源激素含量变化与果实发育、种子休眠之间的关系。结果表明:果实和种子在青果期(1~35 d)时发育速度最快,种胚在花后24 d发育完全,种子不存在形态休眠。花后24 d内果皮开始沉积木质素并逐渐木质化,种子开始产生机械休眠。种子激素含量的变化与果实的发育、转色及内果皮的木质化密切相关,种子内源GA3和ABA含量在青果期(1~35 d)达到峰值,内源IAA含量在果实转色期(35~60 d)达到最大值,高浓度的ABA含量是种子尚未脱离果实时便已进入生理休眠的主要原因。

Effects of Changes in Seed Cell Tissue Structure and Endogenous Hormones on Dormancy of Wild Rosa rugosa Fruit during Development

In order to explore the development and change of seed development and dormancy of wild Rosa rugosa during fruit formation,the wild R. rugosa Thunb. from Hunchun,Jilin Province was used as theexperimental material. The green fruit period(1-35 d),color change period(35-60 d),and red fruit period(60-75 d)were classified respectively,and the morphology,histocytology,and high-performance liquid chromatographywere used to analyze the fruit. Seed morphology,seed embryo and endodermal development at variousdevelopmental stages were studied,and the relationship between changes in endogenous hormone content ofseeds and fruit development and seed dormancy was analyzed. The fruit and seeds developed the fastest duringthe green fruit period(1-35 d),the seed embryos developed completely in 24 d after anthesis,and the seeds didnot exist in morphological dormancy. Within 24 d after flowering,the inner peel began to deposit lignin andgradually lignified,and the seeds began to dormant. The seed hormone content changed closely related to fruitdevelopment,and to color conversion and to lignification of endocarp. Endogenous GA3 and ABA content ofseeds reached their peak during the green fruit period(1-35 d),and endogenous IAA content during the fruitcolor conversion period(35-60 d)reached the maximum,and the high concentration of ABA content was themain reason for the seeds to enter physiological dormancy before they left the fruit.