胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务价值变化

为科学的评估青岛胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务功能的变化特点并明确其驱动因素,通过构建生态系统服务评价体系,综合运用生态学和经济学方法,对2005年、2010年和2015年胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统的供给、调节和文化3大类共12项生态服务的价值进行了评估。结果表明,气候调节和水产品生产是胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统的两大核心功能,二者占到服务总价值的90%以上;调节服务是其主要的服务类型,占到总服务价值的60%以上;2005年、2010年和2015年胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务总价值呈递减趋势,分别为1419.73×10~7元、1343.91×10~7元和1239.23×10~7元。湿地面积减少、湿地功能退化是造成胶州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务价值总体呈下降趋势的直接原因,不合理围垦、过度开发生物资源、水污染严重是造成湿地面积减少、功能退化的人为因素,气候条件的不利变化是造成湿地环境进一步恶化的自然因素。建议以生态系统服务价值为指导,将评估结果纳入到决策体系中,加强对青岛胶州湾滨海湿地现有资源的保护和生态恢复。

Evaluation of changes in the ecosystem services of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland

Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao, as a typical coastal wetland in China, was selected as a case study to scientifically evaluate the changing characteristics of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland ecosystem services and clarify their drivers. The valuation of ecosystem services and an integrated method of economy and ecology were applied to estimate the value of the Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland ecosystem. The ecosystem service functions of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland were divided into three main categories, namely, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. The above three categories were further subdivided into 12 subcategories. The analysis of drivers was based on the evaluation. The main functions of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland are climate regulation and provision of aquatic products, the values of which account for more than 90% of the total ecosystem service value. The main service category of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland is the regulating service, the value of which accounted for more than 60% of the total ecosystem service value. Total value of ecosystem services for Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland in 2005, 2010, and 2015 was 1419.73×10⁷, 1343.91×10⁷, and 1239.23×10⁷ RMB, respectively,showing a decreasing trend. The reduction in wetland area and the degradation of wetland function are the main factors leading to the downward trend in the service value of coastal wetland ecosystem in Jiaozhou Bay. Unreasonable reclamation, overdevelopment of biological resources, and severe pollution of water are the factors that result in the reduction and degradation of wetland. Adverse change in climate conditions is the natural factor contributing to the further deterioration of the wetland environment. It is necessary to strengthen natural resource conservation and ecological restoration in Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland by using ecosystem service value as a guide and taking assessment results into account in the decision-making process.