三月竹开花前后几种重要代谢物差异研究

三月竹(Chimonobambusa opienensis)为禾本科竹亚科寒竹属植物,是国家一级保护动物大熊猫主食竹种,也是当地农民和笋竹加工企业的一大重要经济来源。该研究以开花与未开花三月竹为材料,采用吸光光度法、差量法、苯酚硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、愈创木酚显色法、邻苯三酚自氧化法,对三月竹开花前后各部位多种重要代谢物进行测定,并用统计方法进行差异分析。结果表明:三月竹开花后,叶与次生枝叶绿素含量分别下降14.42%和71.39%(P0.05);次生枝与主枝油脂含量分别下降20.93%和26.04%(P0.05);叶与次生枝可溶性糖含量分别上升21.04%和17.81%,淀粉上升8.33%和8.21%,纤维素上升17.62%和8.52%(P0.05);叶与次生枝可溶性蛋白质含量分别下降30.07%和37.31%(P0.05);上叶POD活性上升122.01%(P0.05)。这说明三月竹开花与多种有机营养和生化指标的变化关联,可通过监测叶与次生枝叶绿素含量,次生枝与主枝油脂含量,叶与次生枝可溶性糖、淀粉、纤维素含量,叶与次生枝可溶性蛋白质含量,上叶POD活性来实现对三月竹生长的管理调控。该研究结果可为进一步研究三月竹开花衰老机理和延期开花提供参考。

Difference of some important metabolites of flowering and non-flowering Chimonobambusa opienensis

Chimonobambusa opienensis belongs to Gramineae Bambusoideae, growing in E'bian, Mabian, Ganluo Counties in Sichuan Province, distributed in the altitude 1 500-2 200 m, the total area 40 000 hm². The death area of C. opienensis reached at 90% in different sections in E'bian from 2010 to 2013 which made great financial loss for the local famers and at the same time threat on wild pandas. The bamboo shoots are not only important sources of income for local farmer and industry, but also staple food for first-grade state protection animal, panda. Multiple biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed in flowering and non-flowering plants of C. opienensis. With the help of the difference research Chlorophyll contents(by Absorption Photometry), fat contents(by null method of measurement), soluble sugars, starch and cellulose contents(by phenol-sulfuric acid method), soluble protein contents(by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 staining), peroxidase(POD)liveness(by guaiacol colorimetric method), super-oxide dismutase(SOD)liveness(by pyrogallol autoxidation method)were determined. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents in the leaf and secondary branch decline were respectively 14.42% and 71.39%(P<0.05); the oil contents in the secondary branch and bough dropped 20.93% and 26.04%(P<0.05); the contents of soluble protein in the leaf and secondary branch fell 30.07% and 37.31%(P<0.05); but the contents of soluble sugar in the leaf and secondary branch went up 21.04% and 17.81%, starch rose 8.33% and 8.21% and cellulose increased by 17.62% and 8.52%(P<0.05); POD liveness in upper leaves went up 122.01%(P<0.05)in the flowering and non-flowering C. opienensis. The result illustrated that the blossoming of C. opienensis was associated with the change of organotrophy and biochemical indexes. The management control of bamboo growth in March could be realized by monitoring the chlorophyll contents in the leaf and secondary branch, the oil contents in the secondary branch and bough, the contents of soluble sugar, starch and cellulose in the leaf and secondary branch, the contents of soluble protein in the leaf and secondary branch and POD liveness in upper leaves. These would provide the references for further studying the C. opienensis flowering mechanism and postpone the flowering date.