The enhancing action of D-galactosamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells |
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Authors: | Morikawa Akiko Koide Naoki Sugiyama Tsuyoshi Mu Mya Mya Hassan Ferdaus Islam Shamima Ito Hiroyasu Mori Isamu Yoshida Tomoaki Yokochi Takashi |
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Institution: | Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. |
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Abstract: | The effect of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was examined. D-GalN augmented the production of NO, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of D-GalN augmented the NO production whereas its post-treatment did not. D-GalN augmented the NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with either TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma. The augmentation of LPS-induced NO production by D-GalN was due to enhanced expressions of an inducible type of NO synthase mRNA and proteins. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were exclusively generated in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with D-GalN and LPS. Scavenging of intracellular ROS abrogated the augmentation of NO production. It was therefore suggested that D-GalN might augment LPS-induced NO production through the generation of intracellular ROS. |
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Keywords: | Lipopolysaccharide d-Galactosamine Nitric oxide Reactive oxygen species ROS |
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