高含游离脂肪酸的香果树籽油制备生物柴油的方法

目前生物柴油因其环保和可再生利用资源的特性备受关注。多数生物柴油是通过甲醇和碱催化食用油得到的，而大量非食用油也可以制备生物柴油。本文报道用高含游离酸脂肪油快速高效低成本制备成其单酯的二步法工艺。先用1% H2SO4以少于1.5%量对甲醇和云南特产香果树（Lindera communis）籽的粗原料油以10∶1摩尔比组成的混合液酸催化酯化游离脂肪酸；之后再对醇和得到的油脂产品按摩尔比15∶1的混合液碱催化转化为单甲酯和甘油。本方法是一个直接甲脂化制备生物柴油的工艺简洁、降低成本的新技术。文中还讨论了该工艺影响转化效率的主要因素，如摩尔比，催化量，温度，反应时间和酸度。香果树生物柴油不重蒸，而其生物柴油的主要特性，如粘度、热值、比重、闪点、冷滤点等与生物柴油标准的匹配度，也做了报道，研究结果将为香果树生物柴油以非重蒸油料制备生物柴油产品，作为潜在的柴油燃料替代产品提供技术支撑。

Biodiesel Production from High FFA Oil of Lindera communis (Lauraceae)

Currently, biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. Most of the biodiesel are from the refined edible type of oil using methanol and alkaline catalyst. However, larger amount of non edible oil are available. A two step rapid and efficient low cost transesterification process was developed to convert the high FFA crude oils to its mono esters. Firstly, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the FFA content of the gross Lindera communis oils to less then 1.5% with 10∶1 molar ratio methanol to oil in the presence of 1% H2SO4 (wt) as acid catalyst. Secondly, alkaline catalyzed transesterification converted the products of the first step to single ester (biodiesel) and glycerol with 15∶1 molar ratio methanol and the product oil of first step. The major factors affected the conversion efficiency of the process were discussed, such as molar ratio, amount of catalyst, temperature, reaction time and acid number. The biodiesel from Lindera communis oil was not re distillation, but its important properties such as viscosity, calorific value, specific gravity, flash point, cloud point and pour point were matched with the standard demand. This study supported the biodiesel product from unrefined L.communis oil as a potential replace to the diesel fuel.