An integrated approach for the comparative analysis of a multigene family: The nicotianamine synthase genes of barley |
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Authors: | Dragan Perovic Peter Tiffin Dimitar Douchkov Helmut Bäumlein Andreas Graner |
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Institution: | (1) Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany;(2) Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Science Center, 1445 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;(3) Present address: Institute of Epidemiology and Resistance Resources, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Theodor-Roemer-Weg 4, 06449 Aschersleben, Germany |
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Abstract: | Recent genomic projects reveal that about half of the gene repertoire in plant genomes is made up by multigene families. In
this paper, a set of structural and phylogenetic analyses have been applied to compare the differently sized nicotianamine
synthase (NAS) gene families in barley and rice. Nicotianamine acts as a chelator of iron and other heavy metals and plays
a key role in uptake, phloem transport and cytoplasmic distribution of iron, challenging efforts for the breeding of iron-efficient
crop plants. Nine barley NAS genes have been mapped, and co-linearity of flanking genes in barley and rice was determined.
The combined analyses reveal that the NAS multigene family members in barley originated through at least one duplication event
that occurred before the divergence of rice and barley. Additional duplications appear to have occurred within each of the
species. Although we detected no evidence for positive selection of recently duplicated genes within species, codon-based
tests revealed evidence for positive selection having contributed to the divergence of some amino acids. The integrated comparative
and phylogenetic analysis improved our current view of NAS gene family evolution, might facilitate the functional characterization
of individual members and is applicable to other multigene families.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Nicotianamine synthase Gene family mapping Barley Orthologues and paralogues |
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