温度对桃离体花药散粉及花粉萌发的影响

以目前生产栽培较多的‘湖景蜜露’、‘霞晖6号’和‘白凤’3个桃品种为试材，连续2年调查了不同温度处理下花药失水率、花药散粉时间以及花粉离体萌发特性等变化。结果表明：桃花药于相对低温条件下散粉失水率较低，随散粉温度升高失水率相应上升；花药开裂所需时间与处理温度呈相反趋势；3个品种花粉离体萌发率随散粉温度的升高而下降。离体花药在超过30℃的温度条件下散出的花粉在萌发过程中出现花粉管变短、花粉瘪小的概率增多的现象，表明高温促使花药脱水和散粉加快，但降低了花粉活力。在桃树花期以及制备花粉时外界环境温度应控制在30℃以下。

Effects of Temperature on the Pollen Dissemination and Germination of Peach

Dehydration rate of anther, time for anther dehiscence and pollen germination characteristic were in- vestigated with peach cultivars ＇Hujingmilu＇, ＇Xiahui 6＇ and ＇Hakuho＇ through different temperatures in artifi- cial climate chamber. The results showed that the anther dehydration rate of three cultivars were lower at rela- tively low temperature, and presented a rising tendency with the increasing of drying temperature. The time for anther dehiscence was negatively correlated with drying temperature, and pollen viability of three cultivars was decreased with the increasing of temperature. The population with shorter pollen tube and shrivelled pollens are relatively larger at high temperature. It showed that high temperature could accelerate anther dehydration, cracking rapidly and pollen damage, then reduce the pollen viability. It was suggested that the environmental temperature during pollen preparation and florescence should be controlled below 30 ℃.