遗传资源获取和利益分享与知识产权保护

随着人类对遗传资源开发利用程度的加剧、物种资源不断减少以及国际交流合作的日益频繁，遗传资源获取和利益分享中的知识产权问题日益受到国际社会的关注。为了保护和持续利用遗传资源，本文根据《生物多样性公约》第15条的规定，以及国际社会在遗传资源获取和利益分享方面的做法，分析了我国遗传资源保护和利用以及知识产权保护的现状，提出建立和完善保护遗传资源知识产权的专利制度，遗传资源的管理制度以及遗传资源保护和利用的市场化机制等管理措施，最后，对中国和阿根廷NIDERA公司在大豆遗传资源交换，合作研究和利益分享的案例进行了分析。

Access to and benefit sharing from genetic resources and protection of intellectual property rights

With excessive utilization of genetic resources, decline of biologcal species resources and theincrease of international exchange and cooperation, issues of access to intellectual property and sharing ofbenefits from genetic resources have received greater attention from the international community. Basedon clause 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the general practice for access to and benefitsharing from genetic resources in the international community, the present situation of protecting and utili-zing genetic resources in China and the relationship with intellectual property rights were analyzed. Estab-lishment and improvement of the patent system for intellectual property, the management system and themarket mechanism for the conservation and utilization of genetic resources are proposed for the purposes ofprotecting and sustainably utilizing genetic resources. Finally a case study on the access to and benefitsharing of soybean genetic resources between a Chinese company and the Argentinian NIDERA companyis analyzed.