肠道菌群对代谢相关性脂肪肝的影响及运动干预研究进展

大量研究表明，肠道菌群与神经退行性疾病和代谢性疾病等多种疾病的发生和发展息息相关，菌群的种类和数量会受到遗传、饮食习惯、运动等因素的影响。在代谢相关脂肪性肝病中，肠道菌群的部分代谢物通过增加肝脏脂肪变性、改变肠道黏膜通透性等方式对疾病的发展起到促进作用，菌群的种类和数量变化与病情进展的关系也被广泛研究，但是两者发生的先后顺序仍不十分明确。运动可以增加肠道有益菌群的种类和数量，同时改善高脂饮食导致的肠道菌群紊乱，并有效缓解代谢相关脂肪性肝病的病情，肠道菌群也能对机体的运动能力产生影响，但运动是如何通过肠道菌群来改善代谢相关脂肪性肝病的机制尚不十分明确。本文通过综述三者的相互关系来阐述肠道菌群和运动在代谢相关脂肪性肝病中发挥的重要作用。

Effect of gut microbiota on metabolism-associated fatty liver disease and research progress of exercise intervention

A large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. The species and number of bacteria are affected by genetic factors, dietary habits, exercise and other factors. In metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), some metabolites of gut microbiota promote the progression of the disease by increasing hepatic steatosis and changing intestinal mucosal permeability. The relationship between the changes in the species and number of bacteria and the progression of disease has also been extensively studied. However, the casual relationship between them remains unclear. Exercise can increase the species and number of beneficial gut microbiota and alleviate the gut microbiota disorders caused by high-fat diet to mitigate MAFLD. On the other side, gut microbiota can regulate the exercise capacity of the body. However, the mechanism of how exercise alleviates MAFLD through gut microbiota remains to be studied. This paper elaborates the important roles of gut microbiota and exercise in MAFLD by reviewing the relationship between the three.