人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫生长和繁殖的影响

龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica(Thunberg)能捕食多种农业害虫,并且具有食量大、产卵多、适应性强、年发生代数多等特点,是我国农业生产中一种重要的捕食性天敌昆虫。对龟纹瓢虫人工饲料的研究则是实现其规模化饲养的关键。作者研究不同饲料对龟纹瓢虫生长和繁殖的影响,结果表明:添加橄榄油后幼虫发育历期明显增长,添加0.3%的橄榄油能显著提高幼虫的成活率;在成虫体重增长上,雌雄虫均表现为在刚羽化后几天内体重增长显著,随后增长变缓;并且添加蔗糖能显著提高雌虫的体重增长率而对雄虫作用不显著;对雌虫繁殖性能的研究发现,蚜虫喂养组有明显的持续时间较长的产卵高峰期,而人工饲料的产卵高峰期持续时间较短,并且出现时间较晚或分为2个高峰期;添加0.3%的橄榄油能显著缩短龟纹瓢虫的产卵前期,几乎达到蚜虫喂养组的水平;而添加蔗糖在一定程度也能缩短产卵前期,同时还能显著提高龟纹瓢虫的产卵量。

The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica growth and fecundity

Propylaea japonica(Thunberg)is subordinated to Coleoptera,Coccinellidae,Propylaea.The ladybird preys on many pests in agriculture.Due to large appetite,high fecundity,adaptability and many generations annually,P.japonica is one of important predatory natural enemies in agriculture system.Studying the effects of artificial diets on the beetle is the key of the mass rearing.The results implied that fed with diet containing olive oil,the larval's developmental period became longer significantly,while the survival rate of larvae fed with 0.3% olive oil increased remarkably;The weight of ladybird increased rapidly at the initial days after eclosion,and then the increase rate decreased gradually.The dietary sucrose could increase the weight gain rate of female P.japonica significantly,but not for the male;As to the fecundity,the female fed on cotton aphid had a long peak of oviposition,while the peak of oviposition of the beetles fed with artificial diets occurred late or the beetles had two lower peaks.The pre-ovipositional periond of beetles,which were fed with diets supplemented with 0.3% olive oil,was shortned significantly,reaching the level of the control nearly.And supplementing sucrose in diets could increase the quantity of the oviposition remarkably and shorten the pre-ovipositional periond.