开都河流域生态安全格局构建与生态修复分区识别

生态文明建设背景下的国土空间生态修复已上升为国家战略,开展典型区域生态保护与修复研究具有重要意义。以开都河流域为研究区,并向流域外扩展20%的缓冲区,采用InVEST模型和MSPA分析方法识别生态源地,以人类居住合成指数修正电阻面,运用电路理论的方法提取生态廊道、“夹点”、障碍点区域,识别开都河流域生态安全格局,在此基础上结合生态功能区划,构建区域生态保护与修复格局。结果表明：（1）流域共识别生态源地15468.94km2,廊道498.87km及31处“夹点”、9处障碍点和24处生态断裂点,形成源地、廊道网络体系及区域生态保护与修复的关键点串联的开都河流域生态安全格局;（2）以生态安全格局、生态基底等为基础并参考生态功能区划,识别开都河流域“一轴、两核、一网络、多片区”的生态保护与修复格局,并提出相应保护与修复措施,为区域国土空间生态修复规划编制及生态保护与修复的实践提供相应参考。

Construction of ecological security pattern and identification of ecological rehabilitation zones in Kaidu River Basin

In the current construction of ecological civilization in China, ecological restoration of territorial space has become a national strategy. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on ecological protection and restoration in typical regions. In this study, Kaidu River Basin (KRB) was selected as the research sample, and the ecological security pattern of this region was constructed based on a buffer zone expanded by 20% in the study area. The InVEST model and the MSPA analysis method were introduced to identify the ecological sources. Moreover, the construction of the resistance surface and the human settlement index (HSI) were selected to adjust the basic resistance surface set by the land use type. Furthermore, the Circuitscape model based on circuit theory was used to extract ecological corridors, pinch points, and barrier points, so as to identify the ecological security pattern of the KRB. Subsequently, the ecological protection and restoration pattern for this region was constructed based on the combing of the ecological security pattern and ecological function zoning of the study area. According to the results, an ecological source area of 15468.94 km² and an ecological corridor of 498.87 km were identified in the KRB. Based on this, an ecological security pattern consisting of ecological sources, corridor network systems, and key points of regional ecological protection and restoration has been formed. Moreover, a total of 31 ecological pinch-points were identified that needed to be protected, and 9 ecological barriers and 24 ecological breakpoints were in an urgently dangerous condition. Based on the ecological security pattern, ecological base, and ecological function zoning, the ecological protection and restoration pattern of "one axis, two cores, one network, and multiple areas" in the KRB was identified, which required corresponding protection and restoration measure. This research provides a useful reference for the preparation of territorial and spatial ecological restoration planning and the practice of regional ecological protection and restoration.