新疆莫索湾垦区啮齿动物群落分布与生境类型关系的研究

为探索沙漠开垦为绿洲后,啮齿动物群落的生态分布格局及变迁规律,2004年6～8月对莫索湾垦区150团场啮齿动物进行了调查.结果表明：荒漠开垦为林地,红尾沙鼠占据主导地位;开垦为农田,鼠类群落表现出较大差异：棉田中柽柳沙鼠占主导地位,麦田中小家鼠为优势鼠种,苜蓿地则以小林姬鼠为主,白菜地中灰仓鼠占据优势地位;城镇居民区“伴人”鼠种褐家鼠居于绝对优势.结论：在荒漠开垦为林地、农田和变为居民区的过程中,鼠类群落也相应地由荒漠鼠类向人工景观鼠类演变.然而对于从沙漠腹地开垦出来的绿洲,虽然人类已开垦经营了半个世纪,但啮齿动物群落的原始荒漠特征仍较完善地保存着,这与当地极端的地理特征相一致.

Study on Relationship Between Distribution of Rodent Community and Types of Habitat in Mosowan Region of Xinjiang

Rodent community was sampled in 150 regiment of Mosowan region from June to August 2004.The purpose of study is to explore ecological-distribution pattern and law of succession of rodent community.Results suggest that: Meriones erythrourus takes up dominant status when desert was changed into holt;When reclaimed into farmland,rodent community shows diverse character: Meriones tamariscinus keeps dominant position in Gossypium land,Mus musculus,Apodemus sylvaticus,Cricetulus migratorius hold dominant status in Triticum land,Medicago land and Brassica pekinensis land;In residential area,Rattus norvegicus is dominant species.From above results,the conclusion can be inferred as follows: When desert is reclaimed into holt,farmland and residential area,rodent community wouid show the trend of eremium to culture community.In spite of the great change that desert has been reclaimed into oasis for 50 years,the primitive character of rodent community still maintain,which is synchronized with local geographic environment.