人工栽培蛹虫草的病原真菌

蛹虫草规模化栽培过程中,真菌病害普遍发生且危害严重。本研究对人工栽培蛹虫草中真菌病害进行调研,对病原真菌进行分离、纯化、鉴定及致病性检验,并分析病害发生的特点。结果发现引起蛹虫草病害的病原真菌主要有虫草生齿梗孢、产扁虫菌素单端孢、镰刀菌、裂褶菌、哈茨木霉、淡紫拟青霉、稻绿核菌、粉红枝穗霉、卵孢单端孢、扩展青霉、黄曲霉和黑曲霉。其中虫草生齿梗孢为引起蛹虫草侵染性病害的主要病原真菌。虫草生齿梗孢、产扁虫菌素单端孢、镰刀菌、裂褶菌和哈茨木霉主要为害蛹虫草子实体;淡紫拟青霉、稻绿核菌、粉红枝穗霉、卵孢单端孢、扩展青霉、黄曲霉和黑曲霉主要为害栽培料与蛹虫草菌丝体。镰刀菌、裂褶菌、哈茨木霉、淡紫拟青霉、稻绿核菌和粉红枝穗霉为引起蛹虫草病害的首次报道。本研究为蛹虫草病害防控奠定基础,以促进产业健康发展。

Pathogenic fungi of artificially cultivated Cordyceps militaris

Fungal diseases occurred on cultivated Cordyceps militaris often caused severe damage. In this study, the pathogenic fungi of C. militaris were isolated, purified and identified and their pathogenicity was tested. The occurrence characteristics of the diseases were also analyzed. The results indicated that the pathogenic fungi of C. militaris were mainly Calcarisporium cordycipiticola, Trichothecium crotocinigenum, Fusarium sp., Schizophyllum commune, Trichoderma harzianum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Ustilaginoidea virens, Clonostachys rosea, T. ovalisporum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus oryzae and A. niger. Calcarisporium cordycipiticola was the main pathogen causing infectious diseases of C. militaris. Calcarisporium cordycipiticola, T. crotocinigenum, Fusarium sp., S. commune and T. harzianum mainly infected fruiting bodies, while P. lilacinum, U. virens, C. rosea, T. ovalisporum, P. expansum, A. oryzae and A. niger mainly infected mycelia on culture media. Fusarium sp., S. commune, T. harzianum, P. lilacinum, U. virens and C. rosea were firstly reported as the pathogens of C. militaris. This study provides reference for prevention and control of C. militaris disease in industrialized large-scale cultivation of the fungus.