三种桑黄属真菌人工栽培子实体营养、药效成分及抗氧化活性分析评价

本研究通过测定人工段木栽培3年生杨树桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii、鲍姆桑黄S. baumii、桑树桑黄S. sanghuang及野生桑树桑黄子实体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸、多糖、三萜、总黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性（ABTS和FRAP）,探究此3种栽培桑黄及野生桑树桑黄子实体的营养、药效成分及抗氧化活性差异。结果表明,供试材料在营养、药效成分及抗氧化活性上差异较大。其中,栽培鲍姆桑黄子实体粗纤维含量最低,多糖含量较高,总黄酮、总酚含量和ABTS、FRAP活性最高;栽培杨树桑黄粗纤维含量较低,粗脂肪含量最低,总黄酮、总酚、三萜含量较高,多糖含量最高;野生桑树桑黄粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总氨基酸含量最高,多糖含量较高,三萜含量最高,总黄酮、总酚含量和ABTS、FRAP活性最低;栽培桑树桑黄粗纤维含量较高,多糖、总黄酮、总酚、三萜含量和ABTS、FRAP均较低。栽培杨树桑黄、鲍姆桑黄和野生桑树桑黄在药效成分含量上各有所长。筛选到可结实、药效成分含量高的桑树桑黄菌株是可能的。桑黄优良品种选育是今后的工作重点。本研究为桑黄真菌资源开发利用提供了参考。

Analyses and evaluation of nutrition,active component and antioxidant activities of fruiting bodies of three species of Sanghuongporus

The content of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, amino acid, polysaccharide, total triterpenes, total flavonoid and total phenol, as well as antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of three-year-old fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus vaninii (previously as Phellinus vaninii), S. baumii (previously as P. baumii) and S. sanghuang (previously as Inonotus sanghuang) artificially cultivated on oak segment and fruiting bodies of wild S. sanghuang were investigated. The result showed that the fruiting bodies of the four tested material of Sanghuangporus spp. were different in nutrition, content of active components and antioxidant activity. In S. baumii fruiting bodies, the crude fiber content was the lowest; the content of polysaccharide was comparatively high; the content of total flavonoids and phenolics, and the activity of ABTS and FRAP were the highest. In S. vaninii fruiting bodies, the crude fiber content was low; the content of crude fat was the lowest; the content of total flavonoids, total phenolics and triterpenoids was comparatively high, and the content of polysaccharide was the highest. In wild S. sanghuang fruiting bodies, the content of crude protein, crude fat and total amino acids were the highest; the content of polysaccharides was comparatively high; the content of triterpenoids was the highest; the content of total flavonoids, total phenols and the activities of ABTS and FRAP were the lowest. Cultivated S. vaninii and S. baumii and wild S. sanghuang differ evidently in the content of active components. It is possible to select a good strain of fruitful S. sanghuang with high content of active components, and the breeding of superior varieties of Sanghuangporus species will be focused.