蛹虫草光受体研究进展

光调控真菌的生长发育和代谢产物合成,是大多数食用菌子实体分化必不可少的环境因子。蛹虫草是一种具有重要药用价值的食用真菌,光因素对蛹虫草的分生孢子数量、生长速率、子实体发育、昼夜节律以及次级代谢产物虫草素和类胡萝卜素的合成均有较大的影响。目前,基于蛹虫草全基因组的解析和遗传操作系统的建立,已鉴定出7种光受体,white collar-1（WC-1）、WC-2、Drosophila-Arabidopsis- Synechocystis-human type cryptochromes（CRY-DASH）、CRY-2、环丁烷嘧啶二聚体光裂合酶（cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer,CPD）、VIVID（VVD）和光敏色素（phytochrome,PHY）。本文较系统地总结了上述光受体的蛋白结构特征,全面阐述了光受体介导光信号调控蛹虫草菌丝生长、子实体发育及次级代谢产物合成等方面的分子机制,并对后续研究进行了展望,为深入研究蛹虫草光受体的具体功能和相关机制提供参考。

Research progress on photoreceptors of Cordyceps militaris

Light regulates the growth, development and metabolite synthesis of fungi. It is an essential environmental factor for the fruiting body differentiation of most edible fungi. Cordyceps militaris is an edible fungus with important medicinal value. Light has great influence on the formation of conidia, growth rate, development of fruiting body, circadian rhythm, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as cordycepin and carotenoid. At present, based on the analysis of the whole genome and the establishment of genetic operation system of C. militaris, seven photoreceptors have been identified, including white collar-1 (WC-1), WC-2, Drosophila Arabidopsis Synechocystis human type cryptochromes (CRY-DASH), CRY-2, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), VIVID (VVD) and phytochrome (PHY). In this paper, the protein structure characteristics of the photoreceptors are systematically summarized, and the molecular mechanisms of photoreceptors mediated light signal regulating mycelial growth, fruiting body development and secondary metabolite synthesis in C. militaris are comprehensively expounded. In addition, the future research is prospected to provide reference for further study on the specific functions and related mechanisms of C. militaris photoreceptors.