丘陵红壤茶园根际氮磷转化对不同强度酸雨胁迫的响应

南方丘陵红壤茶园长期受到酸沉降的胁迫,但茶树根际氮(N)、磷(P)转化过程对酸雨的响应及其机制尚不清楚.以江西典型丘陵红壤25年茶园为对象,开展pH 4.5、pH 3.5、pH 2.5及对照4种不同强度酸雨处理的原位模拟试验,于试验第3年测定根际和非根际土壤矿质N、速效P和相关酶的活性,并估测土壤N、P矿化速率,计算各变量的根际效应.结果表明: 与对照相比,pH 4.5、pH 3.5和pH 2.5处理根际土壤NO₃^--N含量分别降低了7.1%、42.1%和49.9%,矿质N分别降低了6.4%、35.9%和40.3%,速效P分别降低了10.5%、41.1%和46.9%;根际氨化速率分别降低了18.7%、30.1%和44.7%,N净矿化速率分别降低了3.6%、12.7%和38.8%,P矿化速率分别降低了31.5%、41.8%和63.0%,但不同处理之间根际硝化速率差异不显著;根际土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均表现为随酸雨加重呈增强的趋势(P<0.05).非根际土壤除NH₄⁺-N外,其他有效N和P含量未随酸雨加重而改变;不同酸雨处理对非根际土壤氨化、硝化、N净矿化速率和P矿化速率的影响差异均不显著.根际NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、矿质N、氨化和净矿化速率均随着酸雨强度加重由正效应转变为负效应,而脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性由负效应转变为正效应,但速效P和P矿化速率始终表现为负效应,硝化速率始终为正效应.综上所述,连续酸雨加重总体上抑制了根际N、P转化,降低其有效性,且不同程度改变其根际效应,从而影响茶园养分循环.

Effects of different application methods of a water absorbent on the growth and yield of potato

Tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation in hilly red soil region has been long impacted by acid deposition, however its effects on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transformations in rhizosphere soils remain unclear. A 25 year old tea plantation in a typical hilly red soil region was selec ted for an in situ simulation experiment treated by pH 4.5, pH 3.5, pH 2.5 and control. Rhizosphere and bulk soils were collected in the third year from the simulated acid deposition experiment. Soil mineral N, available P contents and major enzyme activities were analyzed using the chemical extraction and biochemical methods, and N and P mineralization rates were estimated using the indoor aerobic incubation methods. Our results showed that compared to the control, the treatments of pH 4.5, pH 3.5 and pH 2.5, respectively decreased 7.1%, 42.1% and 49.9% NO₃^--N, 6.4%, 35.9% and 40.3% mineral N, 10.5%, 41.1% and 46.9% available P, 18.7%, 30.1% and 44.7% ammonification rate, 3.6%, 12.7% and 38.8% net N mineralization rate, and 31.5%, 41.8% and 63.0% P mineralization rate in rhizosphere soils; however, among the 4 treatments, rhizosphere soil nitrification rate was not significantly different, the rhizosphere soil urease and acid phosphatase activities generally increased with the increasing intensity of acid rain (P<0.05). In bulk soil, compared with the control, the treatments of pH 4.5, pH 3.5 and pH 2.5 did not cause significant changes in NO₃^--N, mineral N, available P as well as in the rates of nitrification, ammonification, net N mineralization and P mineralization. With increasing the acid intensity, the rhizosphere effects of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, mineral N, ammonification and net N mineralization rates were altered from positive to negative effects, those of urease and acid phosphatease showed the opposite trends, those of available P and P mineralization were negative and that of nitrification was positive. In sum, prolonged elevated acid rain could reduce N and P transformation rates, decrease their availability, alter their rhizosphere effects, and have impact on nutrient cycling in tea plantation.