不同制图尺度及土壤数据对土壤全磷储量估算的影响

准确计算农田土壤磷储量对农业可持续发展和面源污染治理具有重要意义,但以往的磷储量研究并没有考虑不同土壤数据源和制图尺度造成的估算误差.本文以江苏北部29个县(市)约393×10⁴ hm²旱地为例,分析了我国《县级土种志》、《地级市土种志》、《省级土种志》和《中国土种志》中记录土壤剖面资料分别建立的1∶5万、1∶25万、1∶50万、1∶100万、1∶400万和1∶1000万数据库对土壤全磷储量估算的影响.结果表明: 与数据最详细、记录有983个土壤剖面的《县级土种志》1∶5万尺度全磷密度和储量相比,其他不同土壤数据源建立的各个尺度土壤数据库估算的全磷密度和储量相对偏差分别在4.8%～48.9%和1.6%～48.4%.大部分《县级土种志》和《地级市土种志》土壤数据源建立的不同尺度全磷密度与《县级土种志》1∶5万尺度之间存在极显著或显著差异,《省级土种志》和《中国土种志》土壤数据源建立的不同尺度全磷密度与《县级土种志》1∶5万尺度之间均存在极显著差异,说明在旱地磷储量估算的研究中,选择适宜的制图尺度和土壤数据源是非常必要的.

Effects of soil data and map scale on assessment of total phosphorus storage in upland soils.

Accurate assessment of total phosphorus storage in farmland soils is of great significance to sustainable agricultural and non-point source pollution control. However, previous studies haven’t considered the estimation errors from mapping scales and various databases with different sources of soil profile data. In this study, a total of 393×10⁴ hm² of upland in the 29 counties (or cities) of North Jiangsu was cited as a case for study. Analysis was performed of how the four sources of soil profile data, namely, “Soils of County”, “Soils of Prefecture”, “Soils of Province” and “Soils of China”, and the six scales, i.e. 1:50000, 1:250000, 1:500000, 1:1000000, 1:4000000 and1:10000000, used in the 24 soil databases established for the four soil journals, affected assessment of soil total phosphorus. Compared with the most detailed 1:50000 soil database established with 983 upland soil profiles, relative deviation of the estimates of soil total phosphorus density (STPD) and soil total phosphorus storage (STPS) from the other soil databases varied from 4.8% to 48.9% and from 1.6% to 48.4%, respectively. The estimated STPD and STPS based on the 1:50000 database of “Soils of County” and most of the estimates based on the databases of each scale in “Soils of County” and “Soils of Prefecture” were different, with the significance levels of P＜0.001 or P＜0.05. Extremely significant differences (P＜0.001) existed between the estimates based on the 1:50000 database of “Soils of County” and the estimates based on the databases of each scale in “Soils of Province” and “Soils of China”. This study demonstrated the significance of appropriate soil data sources and appropriate mapping scales in estimating STPS.