Characterization of esophageal desalination in the seawater eel,Anguilla japonica

To characterize mechanisms of esophageal desalination, osmotic water permeability and ion fluxes were measured in the isolated esophagus of the seawater eel. The osmotic permeability coefficient in the seawater eel esophagus was 2·10^-4 cm·s^-1. This value was much lower than those in tight epithelial, although the eel esophagus is a leaky epithelium with a tissue resistance of 77 ohm·cm^-2. When the esophagus was bathed in normal Ringer solutions on both sides no net ion and water fluxes were observed. However, when mucosal NaCl concentration was increased by a factor of 3, Na⁺ und Cl^- ions were transferred from mucosa to serosa (desalination). If only Na⁺ or Cl^- concentration in the mucosal fluid was increased by a factor of 3, net Na⁺ and Cl^- fluxes were reduced to 30–40%, indicating that 60–70% of the net Na⁺ and Cl^- fluxes are coupled mutually. The coupled NaCl transport seems to be effective in desalting the luminal high NaCl. The remaining 30–40% of the total Na⁺ and Cl^- fluxes seems to be due to a simple diffusion, because these components are independent of each other and follow their electrochemical gradients, and also because these fluxes remain even after treatment with NaCN or ouabain. A half of the coupled NaCl transport could be explained by a Na⁺/H⁺–Cl^-/HCO ₃ ^- double exchanger on the apical membrane of the esophageal epithelium, because mucosal amiloride and 4.4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid inhibited the net Na⁺ and Cl^- fluxes by approximately 30%. The other half of the coupled NaCl transport, which follows their electrochemical gradients, still remains to be explained.Abbreviations DIDS 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid - NMDG N-methyl-d-glucosamine - P _Cl Cl^- permeability coefficient - PD transepithelial potential difference - P _Na Na⁺ permeability coefficient - P _osm osinotic permeability coefficient - TALH thick ascending limb of Henle's loop