Hybridization between the African clawed frogs Xenopus laevis and Xenopus muelleri (Pipidae) increases the multiplicity of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of female offspring |
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| Authors: | Milena Mechkarska Mohammed Meetani Pawel Michalak Zalman Vaksman Koji Takada J. Michael Conlon |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 17551 Al-Ain, UAE;3. Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Washington Street, MC 0477 Blacksburg, Virginia 24061‐0477, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061‐0477, USA;5. Department of Biochemistry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-25-8, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan;1. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan;2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;3. Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princess Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia;4. Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan;5. Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Frontier Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;1. Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;2. Faculty of Biosciences, Agro-Alimentary and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, St. Crispi 212, I-64100 Teramo, Italy;3. Morphogenyx Inc, PO Box 717, East Northport, NY 11731, USA;4. Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, St. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy;1. Korea Institute of Ocean Science Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea;2. College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea;3. Korea Local Education Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea;4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, Ara-Dong, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Peptidomic analysis was used to compare the distribution of host-defense peptides in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from laboratory-generated female F1 hybrids of the common clawed frog Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) and Mueller's clawed frog Xenopus muelleri (Peters, 1844) with the corresponding distribution in skin secretions from the parent species. A total of 18 peptides were identified in secretions from the hybrid frogs. Eleven peptides (magainin-1, magainin-2, CPF-1, CPF-3, CPF-4, CPF-5, CPF-6, CPF-7, XPF-1, XPF-2, and PGLa) were identified in secretions of both the hybrids and X. laevis. Four peptides (magainin-M1, XPF-M1, CPF-M1, and tigerinin-M1) were previously found in skin secretions of X. muelleri but magainin-M2 and CPF-M2 from X. muelleri were not detected. Three previously undescribed peptides (magainin-LM1, PGLa-LM1, and CPF-LM1) were purified from the secretions of the hybrid frogs that were not detected in secretions from either X. laevis or X. muelleri. Magainin-LM1 differs from magainin-2 from X. laevis by a single amino acid substitution (Gly13 → Ala) but PGLa-LM1 and CPF-LM1 differ appreciably in structure from orthologs in the parent species. CPF-LM1 shows potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is hemolytic. The data indicate that hybridization increases the multiplicity of skin host-defense peptides in skin secretions. As the female F1 hybrids are fertile, hybridization may represent an adaptive strategy among Xenopus species to increase protection against pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. |
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