Enhanced transformation of malachite green by laccase of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ganoderma lucidum</Emphasis> in the presence of natural phenolic compounds |
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Authors: | Kumarasamy Murugesan In-Hee Yang Young-Mo Kim Jong-Rok Jeon Yoon-Seok Chang |
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Institution: | (1) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea |
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Abstract: | In this study, we investigated the efficacy of phenolic extract of wheat bran and lignin-related phenolic compounds as natural
redox mediators on laccase-mediated transformation of malachite green (MG) using purified laccase from the white-rot fungus
Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum laccase was able to decolorize 40.7% MG dye (at 25 mg l−1) after 24 h of incubation. Whereas, the addition of phenolic extract of wheat bran enhanced the decolorization significantly
(p < 0.001) by two- to threefold than that of purified laccase alone. Among various natural phenolic compounds, acetovanillone,
p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringaldehyde, and vanillin were the most efficient mediators, as effective as the synthetic
mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Characterization of MG transformation products by HPLC, UV–Vis, and liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry-electrospray ionization analysis revealed that N-demethylation was the key mechanism of decolorization of MG by laccase. Growth inhibition test based on mycelial growth inhibition
of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed that treatment with laccase plus natural mediators effectively reduced the growth inhibitory levels of MG than that
of untreated one. Among all the tested compounds, syringaldehyde showed the highest enhanced decolorization, as a consequence
reduced growth inhibition was observed in syringaldehyde-treated samples. The results of the present study revealed that the
natural phenolic compounds could alternatively be used as potential redox mediators for effective laccase-mediated decolorization
of MG. |
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Keywords: | Ganoderma lucidum Laccase Malachite green Decolorization Natural phenolic compounds |
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