猪苓发酵液抑菌活性物质的性质研究

研究猪苓发酵液中抑菌活性成分的性质，以期将为猪苓的药用机理的研究提供部分理论依据。以大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、热带假丝酵母、酿酒酵母、小麦赤霉为靶标菌，研究发酵液的抑菌作用；用不同极性有机溶剂萃取活性物质，检测萃取液抑菌效果；并探索了不同温度和pH下对发酵液活性的影响；利用捷克八溶剂系统和紫外扫描对物质类型进行了初步确定。结果表明：猪苓发酵液对细菌有抑菌活性；活性物质对酸碱敏感且热不稳定，可被乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、正丁醇等有机溶剂萃取，随萃取极性增大萃取能力增强；紫外扫描其萃取浓缩液，表明在λ210nm处有一典型吸收峰，与酯肽类抗菌素的紫外图谱相似；捷克八溶剂系统纸层析结果显示抑菌物质为非水溶性Ⅱ型抗生素。猪芩发酵液中存在抗生素类物质，但稳定性差。在猪苓的以多糖为主要药用成分的应用过程中不发挥重要作用。

Character of Bacteriostasis Active Material of Fermentation: Broth by Polyporus umbellatus

The character of bacteriostasis active component of the fermentation broth by P. umbellatus （FBPU） was studied so as to provide partial theoretical basis of the medicinal mechanism study of the fungus. E. coli, BaciUuz subtilia, Staphilococcua aureua, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisea, and Fuzarium graminearum were used as target strains to study the bacteriostasis of the fermentation broth. Various polar solvents were used to extract the active substance and test for the bactefiostasis of the extract. The effects of different temperatures and pH on the activity of the fermentation broth were also probed. Doskochilova solvents system and UV scanning were utilized for the initially typing of the substance. The results showed that FBPU possessed bacteriostasis against bacteria; the active substance was sensitive to acid and alkali and unstable to heat, it could be extracted by ethyl acetate, trichloromethane, and nbutanol; and the extraction capacity increased as the polarity increased. UV scanning on the concentrated broth indi- cated that there was a typical absorption peak at 210 nm, similar to the UV spectrum of ester-peptide antibiotic, and the result of paper chromatography by Doskochilova solvents system indicated that the bacteriostasis substance was non-water-soluble type II antibiotics. Therefore, there was antibiotic-like substance with poor stability. It play not important role in the application process in medicine with polysaeeharide as main components like P. umbellatus.