The essential role of lipids in Alzheimer's disease |
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Authors: | Sabrina Florent-Béchard Cédric Desbène Pierre Garcia Ahmad Allouche Ihsen Youssef Marie-Christine Escanyé Violette Koziel Marine Hanse Catherine Malaplate-Armand Christophe Stenger Badreddine Kriem Frances T Yen-Potin Jean Luc Olivier Thierry Pillot Thierry Oster |
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Institution: | 1. Lipidomix (JE2482), ENSAIA – INPL, Nancy-Université, 15, rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;2. CHRU de Nancy, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Central, Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France;3. Université Paul Verlaine – Metz, UFR SciFA, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France |
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Abstract: | In the absence of efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health concern due to longer life expectancy in the Western countries. Although the precise cause of AD is still unknown, soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers are considered the proximate effectors of the synaptic injury and neuronal death occurring in the early stages of AD. Aβ oligomers may directly interact with the synaptic membrane, leading to impairment of synaptic functions and subsequent signalling pathways triggering neurodegeneration. Therefore, membrane structure and lipid status should be considered determinant factors in Aβ-oligomer-induced synaptic and cell injuries, and therefore AD progression. Numerous epidemiological studies have highlighted close relationships between AD incidence and dietary patterns. Among the nutritional factors involved, lipids significantly influence AD pathogenesis. It is likely that maintenance of adequate membrane lipid content could prevent the production of Aβ peptide as well as its deleterious effects upon its interaction with synaptic membrane, thereby protecting neurons from Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. As major constituents of neuronal lipids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are of particular interest in the prevention of AD valuable diet ingredients whose neuroprotective properties could be essential for designing preventive nutrition-based strategies. In this review, we discuss the functional relevance of neuronal membrane features with respect to susceptibility to Aβ oligomers and AD pathogenesis, as well as the prospective capacities of lipids to prevent or to delay the disease. |
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Keywords: | Neurodegenerative diseases Membrane lipids Docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition Preventive strategies |
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