CRISPR-Cas系统及anti-CRISPR蛋白在微生物中的研究进展

CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISP) and CRISPR associated proteins)系统是细菌用来防御病毒、质粒等外源核酸入侵的一种获得性免疫防御系统。随着研究的深入,CRISPR-Cas系统已发展为一种重要的基因编辑工具,并成功应用于动物、植物和微生物的基因改造中。但该基因编辑方法有时存在基因脱靶效应,从而限制了其推广应用。最近,通过将1种新发现的抗CRISPR蛋白(Anti-CRISPR protein,ACP)与CRISPR-Cas系统相结合,已成功开发出可控制基因脱靶效率的CRISPR-Cas基因编辑工具。本文首先对CRISPR-Cas系统及ACP进行了简要介绍,然后就CRISPR-Cas基因编辑工具及ACP在微生物基因改造的应用现状进行了综述,并对ACP介导的CRISPR-Cas基因编辑方法(ACP-CRISPR-Cas)在微生物基因编辑中的应用前景进行了讨论。

Research progress of CRISPR-Cas system and anti-CRISPR protein in microorganisms

The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins) system is a bacterial acquired immune defense system, which can be used by bacteria to prevent the invasion of viruses, plasmids and other exogenous nucleic acids. With the further research, the CRISPR-Cas system has been successfully developed into an important tool to edit genes, and applied into gene modification in animals, plants and microorganisms. However, the CRISPR-Cas gene-editing tool sometimes exists in gene off-target effect, which limits its wide application. Recently, by combining a newly discovered anti-CRISPR protein (ACP) with CRISPR-Cas system, a gene-editing tool that can control the efficiency of gene off-target has been successfully developed. In this review, the CRISPR-Cas system and ACP were firstly introduced in brief, then the application of CRISPR-Cas gene editing tool and ACP in microbial gene modification was summarized, and the prospect of ACP-CRISPR-Cas applied in microbial gene editing was discussed.