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Generic relationships and dating of lineages in Winteraceae based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rpS16 and psbA-trnH) sequence data
Authors:Xavier Marquí  nez, Lú  cia G. Lohmann, Maria L. Faria Salatino, Antonio Salatino,Favio Gonz  lez
Affiliation:aUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado Aéreo 7495, Bogotá D.C., Colombia;bUniversidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Abstract:
Phylogenetic analyses of representative species from the five genera of Winteraceae (Drimys, Pseudowintera, Takhtajania, Tasmannia, and Zygogynum s.l.) were performed using ITS nuclear sequences and a combined data-set of ITS + psbA-trnH + rpS16 sequences (sampling of 30 and 15 species, respectively). Indel informativity using simple gap coding or gaps as a fifth character was examined in both data-sets. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses support the monophyly of Drimys, Tasmannia, and Zygogynum s.l., but do not support the monophyly of Belliolum, Zygogynum s.s., and Bubbia. Within Drimys, the combined data-set recovers two subclades. Divergence time estimates suggest that the splitting between Drimys and its sister clade (Pseudowintera + Zygogynum s.l.) occurred around the end of the Cretaceous; in contrast, the divergence between the two subclades within Drimys is more recent (15.5–18.5 MY) and coincides in time with the Andean uplift. Estimates suggest that the earliest divergences within Winteraceae could have predated the first events of Gondwana fragmentation.
Keywords:Canellales   Divergence time estimates   Drimys   Gondwana biogeography   Pseudowintera   Takhtajania   Tasmannia   Winteraceae   Zygogynum
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