From tumor microenvironment communicants to biomarker discovery: Selectively packaged extracellular vesicular cargoes in pancreatic cancer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;2. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;2. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States |
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| Abstract: | 
Virtually all cells release various types of vesicles into the extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport molecular cargoes, performing as communicants for information exchange both within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to distant organs. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EV cargoes and the mechanistic impact of those cargoes - including metabolites, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids - offers an opportunity to increase our knowledge of cancer biology and identify EV cargoes that might serve as cancer biomarkers in blood, saliva, or urine samples. In this review, we collect and organize recent advances in this field with an emphasis on pancreatic cancer (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, PDAC) and the concept that cells selectively package cargo into EVs. These studies demonstrate PDAC EV cargoes signal to reprogram and remodel the TME and impact distant organs. EV cargoes identified as potential PDAC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are summarized. |
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| Keywords: | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Extracellular vesicles Tumor microenvironment Early detection Paracrine signaling Biomarkers |
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