Ligand–receptor interactions in plant hormone signaling |
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Authors: | Jun Takeuchi Kosuke Fukui Yoshiya Seto Yousuke Takaoka Masanori Okamoto |
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Institution: | 1. Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan;2. Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama, 700-0005 Japan;3. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan;4. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan;5. Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505 Japan |
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Abstract: | Small-molecule plant hormones principally control plant growth, development, differentiation, and environmental responses. Nine types of plant hormones are ubiquitous in angiosperms, and the molecular mechanisms of their hormone actions have been elucidated during the last two decades by genomic decoding of model plants with genetic mutants. In particular, the discovery of hormone receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of signal transduction systems. The three-dimensional structure of the ligand–receptor complex has been determined for eight of the nine hormones by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and ligand perception mechanisms have been revealed at the atomic level. Collective research has revealed the molecular function of plant hormones that act as either molecular glue or an allosteric regulator for activation of receptors. In this review, we present an overview of the respective hormone signal transduction and describe the structural bases of ligand–receptor interactions. |
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Keywords: | plant hormone receptor protein structure signal transduction |
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