Wet brewers' grains or bean curd pomance as partial replacement of soybean meal for lactating cows |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China;2. National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China;3. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China;4. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China;5. Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China;1. Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, CCIT, National Defense University, Taiwan;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan;3. Materials and Electro-Optics Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwan;1. Space Research Institute RAS, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia;2. LATMOS UVSQ/UPMC/CNRS, Boite 102, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France;1. Space Research Institute RAS, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia;2. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Pr., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia;3. LATMOS – UVSQ/UPMC/CNRS, 11 bd d’Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France;1. Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. Conkal, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Avenida Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico;2. División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carr. Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico;3. Tecnológico Nacional de México/ I.T. de Mérida División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Avenida, Tecnológico km. 4.5 S/N, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of the by-product, brewers' grains and the bean curd pomance, on the performance of lactating cows and their ruminal characteristics. Through this, we wanted to increase resource utilization and to eliminate pollution from these by-products. Thirty-two Holstein lactating cows were allocated randomly into four dietary treatment groups. The experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous according to National Research Council (1989), and containing 35% corn silage, 20% alfalfa hay and 45% concentrates on DM basis. The dietary treatments consisted of the inclusion of different by-products sources. These included soybean bean (as the control), brewers' grains, bean curd pomance, and the mixed by-products (containing the same amount of brewers' grains and bean curd pomance). The experimental feeding lasted for eight weeks after one week of adaptation. In addition, four rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square with 10-day period for collecting rumen samples. Results showed that cows that were fed the bean curd pomance diet produced significantly more milk than those that were fed the brewers' grains diet or the mixed by-product diet. The cows on the control diet produced significantly less milk than the other treatment groups (P<0.05). Both the control and brewers' grains groups consumed more feed than those in the bean curd pomance and mixed by-products diet groups (P<0.05). The cows that were fed the mixed by-products diet produced a significantly lower percentage of milk fat, total solids, milk protein and milk lactose than the others (P<0.05). The milk lactose percentage was significantly higher for cows that were fed the bean curd pomance than those fed the brewers' grains diet (P<0.05). Cows that were fed the bean curd pomance produced significantly more milk fat, total solids, milk protein and milk lactose than the others (P<0.05). Cows that were fed the mixed by-products diet produced significantly lower amount of milk fat, total solids and milk protein than the control and brewers' grains group (P<0.05). These diets did not significantly influence the body weight of the cows. It, however, significantly influenced the ruminal characteristics (P<0.05). |
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