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2.
三峡库区9种植物种子萌发特性及其在植被恢复中的意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
三峡大坝蓄水后形成的库区消涨带面临植被消亡、生态退化等问题。为了筛选出适用于库区消涨带植被恢复的植物, 将9种1年生植物种子放置在库区消涨带不同海拔进行水淹(W 165-8 m, 121 d;W 155-18 m, 230 d;W 147-26 m, 271 d), 然后在实验室条件下进行萌发, 研究在消涨带淹水胁迫下这些种子的萌发特性。结果表明: (1) 除马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、小蓬草(Conyza canadensis)、金色狗尾草(Setaria glauca)种子在各条件下萌发率都较低外, 不同水淹条件对萌发率影响不同: 与新鲜种子相比, W 165水淹后, 旱稗(Echinochloa hispidula)和婆婆针(Bidens bipinnata)种子萌发率显著上升, 其余种子萌发率均显著下降; W 155水淹后, 所有种子的萌发率都显著下降且只有鱧肠(Eclipta prostrate)、黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)、合萌(Aeschynomene indica)3个物种有萌发, 萌发率分别为11.0%、7.3%和2.7%; W 147水淹后, 旱稗和婆婆针种子萌发率显著上升, 鱧肠种子无显著差异, 其余种子萌发率显著下降。(2) 鱧肠、黄花蒿、婆婆针和旱稗种子比其它物种更耐水淹。W 165水淹后, 鱧肠、黄花蒿、婆婆针、旱稗种子萌发率分别为44.7%、42%、20.7%和4.3%, W 147水淹后分别为76.3%、23%、15%和26.3%, 高于其他物种。(3) 水淹后种子萌发时间格局也受到影响, 大部分种子起始萌发时间推迟、萌发速度变慢。鱧肠、黄花蒿、婆婆针和旱稗的种子对三峡库区消涨带的水淹胁迫具有一定的适应能力, 可根据它们对水淹条件适应能力的差异在消涨带不同海拔高度进行植被恢复。 相似文献
3.
N. Wang F.-H. Yu P.-X. Li W.-M. He J. Liu G.-L. Yu Y.-B. Song & M. Dong 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2009,11(3):483-489
Effects of clonal integration on land plants have been extensively studied, but little is known about the role in amphibious plants that expand from terrestrial to aquatic conditions. We simulated expansion from terrestrial to aquatic habitats in the amphibious stoloniferous alien invasive alligator weed ( Alternanthera philoxeroides ) by growing basal ramets of clonal fragments in soils connected (allowing integration) or disconnected (preventing integration) to the apical ramets of the same fragments submerged in water to a depth of 0, 5, 10 or 15 cm. Clonal integration significantly increased growth and clonal reproduction of the apical ramets, but decreased both of these characteristics in basal ramets. Consequently, integration did not affect the performance of whole clonal fragments. We propose that alligator weed possesses a double-edged mechanism during population expansion: apical ramets in aquatic habitats can increase growth through connected basal parts in terrestrial habitats; however, once stolon connections with apical ramets are lost by external disturbance, the basal ramets in terrestrial habitats increase stolon and ramet production for rapid spreading. This may contribute greatly to the invasiveness of alligator weed and also make it very adaptable to habitats with heavy disturbance and/or highly heterogeneous resource supply. 相似文献
4.
水淹导致皇冠草光合机构发生变化并加剧其出水后光抑制 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光等方法研究了水淹及胁迫解除后皇冠草不同功能叶的光合特性及光抑制的变化.结果表明:与对照相比,气生叶(全淹组淹水前形成的功能叶)在水淹条件下叶片大小和气孔没有明显变化,但沉水叶(全淹组淹水后新生的功能叶)的叶面积增加,气孔变小,上表皮气孔密度增加.水淹导致气生叶碳同化能力、光化学效率和叶绿素含量下降.沉水叶在发育过程中碳同化能力、光化学效率和叶绿素逐渐升高.气生叶和沉水叶出水后其活体叶片在强光下的相对含水量急剧下降,发生明显的光抑制;而弱光下无明显光抑制发生.出水后离体叶片强光照射下6h后两种功能叶均发生严重光抑制,且弱光下不能恢复.因此,可以认为淹水条件下,沉水叶上表皮气孔密度的增加使其蒸腾速率提高;沉水叶较强的碳同化能力和增加的叶面积是确保其植株水下生存的重要因素;强光使气生叶和沉水叶出水后均发生严重光抑制,导度和蒸腾速率提高导致的叶片失水则加剧了这一过程,两者共同作用导致自然条件下两种功能叶的出水死亡. 相似文献
5.
Igual José M. Valverde Angel Rivas Raúl Mateos Pedro F. Rodríguez-Barrueco C. Martínez-Molina Eustoquio Cervantes Emilio Velázquez Encarna 《Plant and Soil》2003,254(1):115-123
Submergence stimulates elongation of the leaves of Rumex palustris and under laboratory conditions the maximum final leaf length (of plants up to 7 weeks old) was obtained within a 9 day period. This elongation response, mainly determined by petiole elongation, depends on the availability of storage compounds and developmental stage of a leaf. A starch accumulating tap root and mature leaves and petioles were found to supply elongating leaves with substrates for polysaccharide synthesis in expanding cell walls. Changes in the composition of cell wall polysaccharides of elongated petioles suggest a substantial cell wall metabolism during cell extension. Reduced starch levels or removal of mature leaves caused a substantial limitation of submerged leaf growth. From the 5th leaf onward enough reserves were available to perform submerged leaf growth from early developmental stages. Very young petioles had a limited capacity to elongate. In slightly older petioles submergence resulted in the longest final leaf lengths and these values gradually decreased when submergence was started at more mature developmental stages. Submerged leaf growth is mainly a matter of petiole elongation in which cell elongation has a concurrent synthesis of xylem elements in the vascular tissue. Mature petioles still elongated (when submerged) by cell and tissue elongation only: the annular tracheary elements stretched enabling up to 70% petiole elongation. 相似文献
6.
Since the first study of hypoxic response in plants with cDNA microarray in 2002, the number of hypoxia-responsive genes has grown to more than 2000. However, to date, only small numbers of hypoxia-responsive genes are known to confer hypoxic resistance. Most investigations in this area have focused on identifying which genes are responsive and then characterized how these genes are induced during hypoxia, but the roles of numerous genes in hypoxic response are still unknown. In our recent study, we demonstrated that a group of genes are induced by submergence to trigger plant immunity, which is a response to protect plants against a higher probability of pathogen infection during or after flooding. This work offered a brand new perspective, i.e., that hypoxia-responsive genes can be induced for reasons other than conferring hypoxic resistance. Possible reasons why these responses were triggered are discussed herein. 相似文献
7.
Fang-Li Luo Yue Chen Lin Huang Ao Wang Ming-Xiang Zhang Fei-Hai Yu 《Annals of botany》2014,113(7):1265-1274
Background and Aims
Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypotheses that physiological integration will improve growth and photosynthetic capacity of submerged ramets during submergence and will promote their recovery following de-submergence.Methods
Connected clones of A. philoxeroides, each consisting of two ramet systems and a stolon internode connecting them, were grown under control (both ramet systems untreated), half-submerged (one ramet system submerged and the other not submerged), fully submerged (both ramet systems submerged), half-shaded (one ramet system shaded and the other not shaded) and full-shaded (both ramet systems shaded) conditions for 30 d and then de-submerged/de-shaded for 20 d. The submerged plants were also shaded to very low light intensities, mimicking typical conditions in turbid floodwater.Key Results
After 30 d of submergence, connections between submerged and non-submerged ramets significantly increased growth and carbohydrate accumulation of the submerged ramets, but decreased the growth of the non-submerged ramets. After 20 d of de-submergence, connections did not significantly affect the growth of either de-submerged or non-submerged ramets, but de-submerged ramets had high soluble sugar concentrations, suggesting high metabolic activities. The shift from significant effects of integration on both submerged and non-submerged ramets during the submergence period to little effect during the de-submergence period was due to the quick recovery of growth and photosynthesis. The effects of physiological integration were not found to be any stronger under submergence/de-submergence than under shading/de-shading.Conclusions
The results indicate that it is not just the beneficial effects of physiological integration that are crucial to the survival of riparian clonal plants during periods of submergence, but also the ability to recover growth and photosynthesis rapidly after de-submergence, which thus allows them to spread. 相似文献8.
9.
Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
10.