低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体及其光合特性的研究

最近发现了一个在田间条件下自然产生的低叶绿素ｂ高产水稻突变体（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．ｃｖ．Ｚｈｅｎｈｕｉ ２４９）,该突变体主要降低了外周捕光天线复合本的含量。这种变化主要表现在叶片全展前后,到叶片发育后期则接近野生型。与以往所研究的突变体不同的是,该突变体叶绿素ｂ含量仅适量减少,因而不影响类囊体膜的稳定性。突变体的光合机构在叶片一生中较稳定,这可能表明突变减少了光系统截获的光能,相对提高     

Effect of moisture stress, plant population density and pathogen inoculation on charcoal stalk rot of sorghum

The effects of moisture deficit stress, plant population density and pathogen inoculation technique on charcoal stalk rot in the sorghum hybrid CSH 6 were studied in the 1980–81 and 1981–82 post-rainy seasons at three locations in India. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were compared in three plant population densities, subjected to different moisture stress regimes created by withholding irrigation at various plant growth stages. Natural infections were compared to artificial inoculation with M. phaseolina. Combinations of moisture stress, plant population and inoculation treatments were compared to identify the combination most likely to develop maximum disease. Lodging, the first external symptom of charcoal rot, was significantly correlated with other disease symptoms used to measure charcoal rot, such as soft stalk, number of nodes crossed by M. phaseolina infection, root damage and plant senescence. In both seasons the highest incidence of lodging occurred when moisture stress was induced at the 'flag leaf visible in the whorl' growth stage. The greatest incidence of the disease was recorded in the highest plant population (266 700 plant ha^-) at all three locations. No significant differences were found between artificially and naturally inoculated treatments. The maximum number of lodged plants was found at a density of 266 700 plants ha^-1 when moisture stress was induced at the 'flag leaf visible in the whorl' growth stage.