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排序方式: 共有1397条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hepatic lipid metabolism is controlled by integrated metabolic pathways. Excess accumulation of hepatic TG is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Here, we show that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) ablation reduces hepatic TG levels and diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Expression of period 2 (Per2) is increased during the dark period, and circadian oscillations of several core clock genes are altered with a delayed phase in Ksrp−/− livers. Diurnal expression of some lipid metabolism genes is also disturbed with reduced expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis. Using primary hepatocytes, we demonstrate that KSRP promotes decay of Per2 mRNA through an RNA-protein interaction and show that increased Per2 expression is responsible for the phase delay in cycling of several clock genes in the absence of KSRP. Similar to Ksrp−/− livers, both expression of lipogenic genes and intracellular TG levels are also reduced in Ksrp−/− hepatocytes due to increased Per2 expression. Using heterologous mRNA reporters, we show that the AU-rich element-containing 3′ untranslated region of Per2 is responsible for KSRP-dependent mRNA decay. These findings implicate that KSRP is an important regulator of circadian expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver likely through controlling Per2 mRNA stability.  相似文献   
2.
汶川地震重灾区恢复期生态系统健康评价   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
朱捷缘  卢慧婷  王慧芳  严岩  唐立娜 《生态学报》2018,38(24):9001-9011
2008年的汶川地震对区域生态系统造成了显著破坏。为了解震后区域生态系统恢复情况,从而为震区生态恢复策略提供科学依据,利用遥感数据研究了四川省汶川地震重灾区39区县2010—2015年的生态系统类型及活力变化,并运用In VEST模型评估了震区土壤保持、水源涵养、生境质量等生态系统服务能力,最后基于VOR模型并耦合关键生态系统服务定量评估了震区生态系统健康状况。结果表明:2010—2015年间震区湿地和城镇面积有所增加,植被和农田有不同程度的减少,但是Ⅹ—Ⅺ地震烈度等级区域内森林面积增加1309.77 hm2;震区生态系统活力均值明显上升,Ⅹ—Ⅺ地震烈度级别区生态系统活力增幅最明显,分别为14.84%、12.47%;水源涵养能力稍有降低,减幅0.46%,土壤保持服务增幅1.26%,生境质量指数无明显变化;生态系统健康指数(EHI)均值有小幅度提升,从0.6761上升到0.6853,增幅1.36%,Ⅹ—Ⅺ地震烈度级别区EHI增幅比其他地区明显,增幅分别为4.01%、3.48%,表明受灾最严重的地区生态恢复比较显著。但是,由于震区重建开发导致局部区域如宝兴、汉源、石棉、涪城、广汉、汶川西北部和震区北部部分区域EHI下降。未来应继续保持Ⅹ—Ⅺ地震烈度级别区良好的生态恢复趋势,同时也要重视震区中部平原地区的基本农田保护和南部、北部地区的自然生态空间保护工作,维持震区生态系统健康和区域可持续发展。  相似文献   
3.
4.
DNA methods are useful to identify ingested prey items from the gut of predators, but reliable detection is hampered by low amounts of degraded DNA. PCR‐based methods can retrieve minute amounts of starting material but suffer from amplification biases and cross‐reactions with the predator and related species genomes. Here, we use PCR‐free direct shotgun sequencing of total DNA isolated from the gut of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis at five time points after feeding on a single pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Sequence reads were matched to three reference databases: Insecta mitogenomes of 587 species, including H. axyridis sequenced here; A. pisum nuclear genome scaffolds; and scaffolds and complete genomes of 13 potential bacterial symbionts. Immediately after feeding, multicopy mtDNA of A. pisum was detected in tens of reads, while hundreds of matches to nuclear scaffolds were detected. Aphid nuclear DNA and mtDNA decayed at similar rates (0.281 and 0.11 h?1 respectively), and the detectability periods were 32.7 and 23.1 h. Metagenomic sequencing also revealed thousands of reads of the obligate Buchnera aphidicola and facultative Regiella insecticola aphid symbionts, which showed exponential decay rates significantly faster than aphid DNA (0.694 and 0.80 h?1, respectively). However, the facultative aphid symbionts Hamiltonella defensa, Arsenophonus spp. and Serratia symbiotica showed an unexpected temporary increase in population size by 1–2 orders of magnitude in the predator guts before declining. Metagenomics is a powerful tool that can reveal complex relationships and the dynamics of interactions among predators, prey and their symbionts.  相似文献   
5.
It is well established that lipid metabolism is controlled, in part, by circadian clocks. However, circadian clocks lose temporal precision with age and correlates with elevated incidence in dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in older adults. Because our lab has shown that lipoic acid (LA) improves lipid homeostasis in aged animals, we hypothesized that LA affects the circadian clock to achieve these results. We fed 24 month old male F344 rats a diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) LA for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice and quantified hepatic circadian clock protein levels and clock-controlled lipid metabolic enzymes. LA treatment caused a significant phase-shift in the expression patterns of the circadian clock proteins Period (Per) 2, Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like1 (BMAL1), and Reverse Erythroblastosis virus (Rev-erb) β without altering the amplitude of protein levels during the light phase of the day. LA also significantly altered the oscillatory patterns of clock-controlled proteins associated with lipid metabolism. The level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α was significantly increased and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were both significantly reduced, suggesting that the LA-supplemented aged animals are in a catabolic state. We conclude that LA remediates some of the dyslipidemic processes associated with advanced age, and this mechanism may be at least partially through entrainment of circadian clocks.  相似文献   
6.
杨显基  杜建会  秦晶  陈志华  杨林  宋爽 《生态学杂志》2017,28(10):3260-3266
以福建省平潭岛海岸不同演化阶段草丛沙堆表面典型沙生植物老鼠艻为对象,研究其叶水势日变化特征及其影响因素.结果表明: 老鼠艻叶水势日变化以“W”型为主,午间出现短暂升高现象.发育阶段沙堆表面老鼠艻叶水势日均值较稳定阶段高,且夜间水分恢复能力更强;老鼠艻叶水势与大气水势和相对湿度呈显著正相关,与气温呈显著负相关,但与不同深度土壤水势无显著相关性;发育阶段沙堆丘间地老鼠艻叶水势在10:00—16:00皆高于迎风坡和背风坡,迎风坡除10:00和12:00外皆低于背风坡.不同坡位叶水势日变异程度表现为背风坡>迎风坡>丘间地,但无显著差异.沙堆迎风坡老鼠艻叶水势与大气水势和相对湿度呈显著正相关,与气温呈显著负相关;沙堆背风坡和丘间地老鼠艻叶水势与气象因子有一定相关性,但不显著.  相似文献   
7.
Summary Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), were exposed to constant light with increasing intensities (20, 60, 350 lux), and wheel running activity was recorded. With increasing light intensity the percentage of hamsters showing a split in their daily activity pattern increased and the free running period was lengthened for both the unsplit and the split state. The fact that the free running period of both states depended on the light intensity together with the observation that the highest incidence of acircadian activity occurred under 350 lux, provoked the idea that the emergence of splitting or acircadian rhythmicity is a direct consequence of the light induced lengthening of the free running period. However, analysis of the data failed to support the idea that emergence of a split or acircadian activity is a threshold phenomenon with respect to the free running period.Due to differences in circadian function some Djungarian hamsters do not exhibit photoinduction following short day exposure. In these individuals splitting also occurred but required exposure to a higher light intensity than in photo-responsive hamsters. This observation is in accordance with the idea that the two phenotypes differ in the interaction of the two component oscillators underlying circadian rhythmicity.Abbreviations LD long day photoperiod - LL constant light - SD short day photoperiod - free running period  相似文献   
8.
Dispersal allows species to shift their distributions in response to changing climate conditions. As a result, dispersal is considered a key process contributing to a species' long‐term persistence. For many passive dispersers, fluid dynamics of wind and water fuel these movements and different species have developed remarkable adaptations for utilizing this energy to reach and colonize suitable habitats. The seafaring propagules (fruits and seeds) of mangroves represent an excellent example of such passive dispersal. Mangroves are halophytic woody plants that grow in the intertidal zones along tropical and subtropical shorelines and produce hydrochorous propagules with high dispersal potential. This results in exceptionally large coastal ranges across vast expanses of ocean and allows species to shift geographically and track the conditions to which they are adapted. This is particularly relevant given the challenges presented by rapid sea‐level rise, higher frequency and intensity of storms, and changes in regional precipitation and temperature regimes. However, despite its importance, the underlying drivers of mangrove dispersal have typically been studied in isolation, and a conceptual synthesis of mangrove oceanic dispersal across spatial scales is lacking. Here, we review current knowledge on mangrove propagule dispersal across the various stages of the dispersal process. Using a general framework, we outline the mechanisms and ecological processes that are known to modulate the spatial patterns of mangrove dispersal. We show that important dispersal factors remain understudied and that adequate empirical data on the determinants of dispersal are missing for most mangrove species. This review particularly aims to provide a baseline for developing future research agendas and field campaigns, filling current knowledge gaps and increasing our understanding of the processes that shape global mangrove distributions.  相似文献   
9.
大狼耙草是危害生物多样性的一种恶性杂草。使用使它隆、二甲四氯、草甘膦3种除草剂对大狼耙草进行不同浓度、不同防治时期防除效果研究,结果表明:使它隆对大狼耙草平均致死率为92%,二甲四氯为85%,草甘膦为82%,但三者差异不显著;高、中、低3种浓度(使它隆分别为0.47、0.40、0.33g·L-1,二甲四氯分别为2.80、2.33、1.87g·L-1,草甘膦分别为5.18、3.89、2.59g·L-1)对大狼耙草致死率差异极显著,高浓度溶液防除效果较好;大狼耙草植株在幼苗期(植株高20cm)、生长盛期(植株高40cm)、花期(植株高60cm)3个防治时期致死率差异极显著,幼苗期防除效果理想。研究表明,在大狼耙草幼苗期使用0.47g·L-1浓度的使它隆防除效果最好。  相似文献   
10.
以1B/1R类K型不育系K3314A及其保持系3314B,非1B/1R类K型不育系732A及其保持系732B,YS温敏雄性不育小麦A3017为材料,提取不同温度处理下各时期小穗的总RNA进行反转录,对AY914051和AY660990两个目标基因进行半定量PCR和电泳分析,测定其在小麦中的表达变化趋势,以分析其与这几种不育系的育性相关关系,探讨这几种不育小麦败育的关键发育时期。结果表明,除AY914051基因在2种保持系3314B和732B中表达量变化不大之外,其它均有明显差异;2个目标基因与这几种雄性不育系的败育有关,但与育性相关程度不同,不育系两个目的基因的表达受温度变化影响程度明显大于保持系。由实验结果推测,1B/1R类K型不育系、非1B/1R类K型不育系和YS温敏雄性不育系的败育关键时期为单核期或单核期至二核期之间;温度差异可能会导致YS温敏雄性不育系的育性相关基因表达时期错位,错位后的表达差异积累可能最终导致其败育。  相似文献   
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