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1.
野生与笼养绿孔雀种群的随机扩增多态DNA研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
常弘  柯亚永  苏应娟  张国萍  朱世杰 《遗传》2002,24(3):271-274
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对野生14只和笼养18只绿孔雀(Pavo muticus)个体进行了种群遗传多样性分析。用23个随机引物,野生与笼养绿孔雀分别获得161和166个扩增片段,计算发现野生与笼养绿孔雀的种群内平均相对遗传距离分别是0.0555和0.1355,两种群间的为0.1635;两种群的Shannon多样性指数平均分别是0.4348和1.0163,有显著性差异。以上分析都显示野生绿孔雀的遗传多样性很低。用UPGMA法聚类显示两个种群都是分别来源于两个家系,可据此进行繁育管理。 Abstract:Random-amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the population of 14 wild green peafowl and 18 captive green peafowl(pavo muticus).Total of 161 and 166 bands were obtained respectively,and 23 random primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of the wild and captive green peafowls.The average relative hereditary distance of the wild and captive green peafowls is 0.0555 and 0.1355 respectively;and the Shannon diversity index is 0.4348 and 1.0163 respectively.There is a prominent differentia between the two populations by T-Test of HO.All the analyses above show that the genetic diversity is very low in wild green peafowl.It tells us that the two populations come from two families by using UPGMA,which can be useful in the breeding management in the future.  相似文献   
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邹方东  童芯锌  岳碧松 《遗传》2005,27(2):231-235
参考已经克隆的活化素(activin)基因βA亚基成熟肽序列,设计一对兼并引物,从绿孔雀(pavo muticus)、蓝孔雀(pavo cristatus)和白孔雀基因组中克隆到活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列。测序结果表明,活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列长345bp,编码115个氨基酸。序列分析表明,蓝孔雀与绿孔雀核苷酸同源性为98.0%,而蓝孔雀与白孔雀核苷酸同源性为98.8%。NCBI收索结果显示,活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列在不同物种间都非常保守。氨基酸功能位点分析表明,活化素βA亚基成熟肽可能在细胞信号传递过程中发挥了很重要的作用。另外,利用活化素基因βA亚基成熟肽序列构建了三种孔雀的限制性酶切图谱及系统发生树。结果显示,白孔雀与蓝孔雀的亲源关系比与绿孔雀的亲源关系近。我们认为,白孔雀来源于蓝孔雀,很可能是蓝孔雀一个杂交后代或亚种,而不是人们通常所认为的仅仅是蓝孔雀的一个颜色突变体。Abstract: The sequences of activin geneβA subunit mature peptide have been amplified from white peafowl, blue peafowl (pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (pavo muticus) genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pair of degenerate primers. The target fragments were cloned into the vector pMD18-T and sequenced. The length of activin gene βA subunit mature peptide is 345bp, which encoded a peptide of 115 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis of activin gene βA subunit mature peptide demonstrated that the identity of nucleotide is 98.0% between blue peaflowl and green peafowl, and the identity of that is 98.8% between blue peaflowl and white peafow. Sequences comparison in NCBI revealed that the sequences of activin geneβA subunit mature peptides of different species are highly conserved during evolution process. In addition, the restriction enzyme map of activins is high similar between white peafowl and blue peafowl. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega 2 and Clustalxldx software. The result showed that white peafowl has a closer relationship to blue peafowl than to green peafowl. Considered the nucleotide differences of peafowls’ activin geneβA subunit mature peptides, a highly conserved region, we supported that white peafowl was derived from blue peafowl, and it is more possible the hybrid but just the product of color mutation, or maybe as a subspecies of Pavo genus.  相似文献   
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顾伯健  王放 《生物多样性》2021,29(11):1554-15
绿孔雀(Pavo muticus)是我国国家I级重点保护野生动物, 也是中国传统文化中具有重要代表意义的物种。在历史上, 绿孔雀曾广泛分布于我国南部大部分地区, 但目前在国内只分布于云南省部分地区。在国外有绿孔雀分布的东南亚国家, 绿孔雀同样经历了从广布到局部甚至零星分布的严重退缩。关于野生绿孔雀生态学和种群现状的研究已开展了不少工作, 但仍有许多空缺; 而该物种面临的生存威胁给保护和管理工作带来了巨大挑战。本文通过梳理国内外野生绿孔雀生态学和保护生物学方面的研究, 阐述了绿孔雀在国内外种群和分布区的变迁与现状、栖息地选择、与同域分布物种的种间关系, 分析了主要的致危因素, 同时为今后的研究方向和保护措施提出了建议。现有研究显示: (1)绿孔雀在国内的种群数量已不足500只, 在东南亚主要分布于中南半岛的部分区域及印度尼西亚的爪哇岛; (2)绿孔雀对水源地有很强的依赖, 倾向于利用远离居民点的区域, 并偏爱利用生境开阔、旱季落叶的热带季雨林, 喜爱与大型有蹄类混群; (3)大型猫科动物可能是绿孔雀潜在的天敌; (4)偷猎和栖息地丧失是绿孔雀面临的最主要的致危因素。综上, 我们建议尽快建立起中国绿孔雀监测网络, 评估野生绿孔雀的种群动态, 识别不同区域绿孔雀的受胁因素, 并结合分子生物学等技术开展保护遗传学研究。在保护实践上, 应在目前中国野生绿孔雀分布较为集中、原生栖息地保存较为完整的红河(元江)中上游河谷地带建立自然保护区, 同时加强巡护工作, 启动栖息地恢复工程, 并杜绝在野生绿孔雀栖息地附近的蓝孔雀(Pavo cristatus)养殖。  相似文献   
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孔雀微卫星引物筛选及其遗传多样性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
包文斌  陈国宏  束婧婷  徐琪  李慧芳 《遗传》2006,28(10):1242-1246
利用29对鸡微卫星标记对孔雀基因组DNA进行种间扩增, 发现14对引物能扩增出特异性条带, 每对引物扩增的平均等位基因数为1.71, 有7对引物具有较丰富的多态性, 其中MCW0080和MCW0098最为理想。蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体间和群体内的遗传分析结果表明, 绿孔雀和蓝孔雀两个群体的期望杂合度分别为0.7422和0.6943, 群体间的遗传分化系数为0.078, Reynolds’遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0603和3.896, 结果显示这两个孔雀群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低, 且有相互混杂的趋势。  相似文献   
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孔雀传染性喉气管炎的血液细胞分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文对13只传染性喉气管炎(ILT)发病孔雀和9只正常健康孔雀做了血液细胞分析和比较,结果表明ILT孔雀的WBC总数、LYM的百分数高于正常健康孔雀,而RBC总数、HGB、MCH、PLT和MID、GRA的百分数均低于后者,特别是PLT呈极显著差异,为科学认识和临床诊断该病提供了重要依据。  相似文献   
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SYNOPSIS. Plasmodium ( Giovannolaia ) durae Herman was originally described from Kenya, the type host being the common turkey, Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus. There are no field records of this association outside of Africa, where the parasite, herein reported from another introduced and domesticated bird (the common peafowl, Pavo cristatus Linnaeus), was recently listed from 2 native Phasianidae of the genus Francolinus. The justification for the present identification is submitted against background data concerning malaria parasites from turkeys and other Galliformes in Africa and elsewhere, and restraint is urged in describing yet more "new species" of avian Plasmodium belonging to morphologically close taxa within Novyella and Giovannolaia. A near relative of P. durae, Plasmodium dissanaikei de Jong, is transferred from the former subgenus to the latter one.  相似文献   
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The vocal displays of male Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) are thought to be sexually selected traits. To clarify the specific call types involved in breeding, as well as to provide basic information on the vocalisations of Indian peafowl, we conducted monthly daytime recordings in a large feral population in Japan. Based on 13,420 records, we identified seven different call types made only by males and six alarm calls uttered by both sexes. Furthermore, we found seasonal and diurnal changes in the calling activity of peafowl. Three of the male call types (keow, ka and hoot-call) were particularly important for breeding, as sexually mature males produced them only during the breeding season, in a similar diurnal pattern to other breeding behaviours. A digital video image relating to the article is available at .  相似文献   
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