脱水与复水过程中湿地匍灯藓的生理生化响应

研究了脱水与复水过程中湿地匍灯藓的渗透调节能力、抗氧化保护系统以及DNA损伤与修复的影响。结果表明:(1)在脱水过程中,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、还原性糖含量均出现明显增加,脱水12h时达到最大;细胞膜透性上升;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均持续上升,抗坏血酸含量则逐渐降低;DNA损伤明显加大,脱水24h时DNA已全部降解为低分子量片段。(2)在复水过程中,以上各项指标变化趋势与脱水处理时刚好相反。表明湿地匍灯藓具备复苏植物的典型特征,在含水量变化(变水)过程中具有较强的抗干(旱)性,其抗逆性主要体现为修复能力。     

A SALT-INDUCED CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN IN DUNALIELLA SALINA (CHLOROPHYTA)1

The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina Teod, is halophilic and wall-less. The cell acclimates to osmotic stresses by accumulation or degradation of glycerol. To investigate other mechanisms involved in its physiological recovery following hyperosmotic shocks, protein profiles from cells grown in various salinities were compared. A 13-kDa protein (P13) accumulated when cells were subjected to drastic hyperosmotic shock. Front our results with antibiotic-treated cells and purified chloroplasts, we believe that this component results from de novo translation in chloroplasts. The solubility of P13 was strongly promoted by Triton X-100. Its accumulation was correlated with the recovery of photosynthesis.     

祁连山北麓山体垂直带土壤碳氮分布特征及影响因素

以祁连山北麓自然垂直带(2600～3600 m)阴、阳坡为研究对象,研究了表层(0～20 cm)土壤有机碳和全氮分布及与海拔、地形、植被和土壤特性的关系.结果表明：阴坡土壤的有机碳和全氮含量(101.2和6.6 g·kg^-1)显著高于阳坡(61.3和5.9 g·kg^-1),且随海拔上升呈增加趋势.不同植被类型下土壤有机碳含量为:高山灌丛草甸>青海云杉林>高山草甸>祁连圆柏林;全氮含量为:高山灌丛草甸>高山草甸>青海云杉林>祁连圆柏林.土壤有机碳含量与海拔、土壤含水量、土壤全氮和年均降水量呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH值和年平均气温呈显著负相关关系.整个垂直带土壤碳氮比在6.7～23.3,有利于有机质矿化过程中养分的释放.年均气温、年均降水量和土壤含水量是影响土壤有机碳含量的第1主成分,土壤碳氮比是第2主成分,累计解释率为71%,说明气候因子对有机碳和全氮在垂直带上的空间分布起决定作用.     

Glycerol cycle enzymes and intermediates during adaption of Dunaliella teriolecta cells to hyperosmotic stress

Abstract Dunaliella tertiolecta cells subjected to a hyperosmotic shock of 0.930 osmol kg^?1 start almost immediately to synthesize glycerol at a rate of some 100 nmol min^?1 mg protein^?1. Glycerol synthesis was equally fast in both light and darkness, and was not affected by the nature but only by the concentration of solutes. During the period of rapid glycerol synthesis, which lasted about 1h, the concentration of glycerol-3-phosphate transiently increased. During the same period, ATP, fructose 1-6-bisphosphate, and triosephosphate content decreased markedly, especially when 0.1 kmol m^?3 NaCl-grown cells were used. The content of hexose-6-phosphates, nicotinamide coenzymes, and phosphate underwent no dramatic changes. Since no in vitro activity changes of the glycerol cycle enzymes could be detected during the adaptation period, the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vivo is probably increased by a change in concentration of its effectors such as ATP.