一株棕尾别麻蝇胚胎细胞系的建立及其特性分析

双翅目昆虫细胞系广泛应用于遗传学、发育生物学、分子生物学、人和动物体病原学以及昆虫抗微生物肽的研究。本研究建立了一株新的棕尾别麻蝇Sarcophaga peregrina胚胎细胞系。该细胞系的原代培养始于2008年11月17日, 取材于棕尾别麻蝇晚期胚胎组织, 在Shields & Sang M3昆虫培养基中于28℃恒温培养, 在第26天进行第1次传代, 至今已历时21个月, 传代72次, 生长状态稳定, 被命名为Sp-E-HNU11。该细胞系的细胞形态主要呈梭形和近圆形, 杂以少量巨型细胞, 紧密贴壁生长。细胞群体倍增时间为42 h。染色体数目一般为10条或12条, 为二倍体或亚二倍体细胞系; 除一对颗粒状微型染色体外, 其他染色体呈短杆状。细胞系的β-萘酯酶和谷草转氨酶同工酶谱上分别显示出1条和3条酶带。随机引物扩增多态性 (random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD) 分析结果显示, 该细胞系与小菜蛾细胞系Px-E-HNU12、草地贪夜蛾细胞系IPLB-Sf-9和家蚕细胞系Bm-21E-HNU5呈现明显不同的带型特征。 Sp-E-HNU11细胞系的建立为昆虫抗微生物肽及其他相关的研究工作增添了新的研究工具和生产载体。     

家蚕胚胎细胞系BmE-SWU1的建立及其生物学特性

对家蚕反转期胚胎组织进行一年多的原代培养,分离筛选出了高繁殖细胞群体,建立了BmE-SWU1细胞系。该细胞系以梭形和近圆形细胞为主,杂以少量多突起和巨型细胞。细胞系的倍增时间在28℃时为57.6h,染色体呈短杆状或颗粒状,染色体数目异倍化,具有典型鳞翅目昆虫细胞系的染色体特征。BmE-SWU1细胞系对家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)高度敏感,半数组织培养感染剂量(TCID50)为2.92415×10-7。     

Karyological studies in someHypochoeris spp. (Compositae) from Sicily

FiveHypochoeris spp. from Sicily have been investigated:H. glabra L. (2n=10),H. radicata L. (2n=8),H. cretensis L. (2n=6),H. laevigata L. (2n=12),H. robertia Fiori (2n=8). Basic chromosome numbers are very variable, x = 3, 4, 5, 6. The karyotype of each species is presented. Geographical origin (S. America or Mediterranean region) of the genusHypochoeris and the taxonomic position ofH. robertia are discussed.     

Mitotic evidence for the tetraploid nature of Glycine max provided by high quality karyograms

The high number, very small size and morphological similarity of the chromosomes, and low metaphasic indexes obtained in root meristems have hindered the progress in cytogenetic and evolutionary studies of Glycine max. In order to contribute to the solving of these problems, we have developed a method based on the use of DNA synthesis inhibiting and anti-microtubule solutions and enzymatic maceration and air-drying techniques. Besides, we have employed a digital image analysis system tool. This method provided prometaphasic and metaphasic chromosomes showing well-defined primary and secondary constrictions, which facilitated the pairing of homologues and assembly of the first karyogram for G. max. This species possesses twenty chromosome pairs, being six metacentric and fourteen submetacentric. The karyograms support its tetraploid nature (4x = 40), specifically for the presence of chromosomes with identical morphology, and suggest that chromosome rearrangements may have occurred during the speciation of G. max.     

Lokalisierung von rRNA-Genorten und Sekundäreinschnürungen beiVicia narbonensis undVicia sativa

Sites of 18/25S RNA genes and those of secondary constrictions have been located in metaphase chromosomes ofV. narbonensis andV. sativa by RNA/DNA in situ hybridization and Feulgen staining. InV. narbonensis the rRNA genes are located in median position on one pair of chromosomes, which is the shortest of all in the genome. InV. sativa rRNA genes are located in two pairs of chromosomes. The two heterologous sites differ markedly in the level of labeling. Strong labeling is found in a submedian position of a short pair of chromosomes. Weaker labeling is found in a median position on the longest pair of chromosomes. InV. narbonensis andV. sativa the position of the grain clusters correlate with the position of the secondary constrictions in chromosomes stained by Feulgen. The implications with respect to karyograms ofV. narbonensis andV. sativa known from the literature are discussed.

     

A karyological study of Allium rouyi Gautier (Liliaceae), a recently rediscovered endemic species from the south of Spain

A population of Allium rouyi, previously considered an extinct species, has recently been rediscovered. From this sample, the somatic chromosome number and detailed chromosome morphology is presented. Using the karyological data, relationships between A. rouyi and allied species are discussed.     

A karyological study of Allium rouyi Gautier (Liliaceae), a recently rediscovered endemic species from the south of Spain

A population of Allium rouyi, previously considered an extinct species, has recently been rediscovered. From this sample, the somatic chromosome number and detailed chromosome morphology is presented. Using the karyological data, relationships between A. rouyi and allied species are discussed.