Benzoic Acid Derivatives Conjugated with Dicarboxylic Acids from Alfalfa (Medicago saliva)

Two compounds were isolated from alfalfa. Their structures were determined as benzoyl meso-tartaric acid (I) and benzoyl (S), (–)-malic acid (II) respectively. They were found in nature for the first time.     

Effect of Polyphenol Oxidase on Deodorization

A mixture of purified polyphenol oxidases (PPO), or acetone powders prepared from fruits and vegetables, and polyphenolic compounds (PPs) totally eliminated a methylmercaptan odor. 2-Methyl-thiochlorogenic acid was isolated from the reaction mixture of methylmercaptan and chlorogenic acid with burdock acetone powder. Further, the formation of 5-methylthiochlorogenic acid and 2,5-bis(methylthio)-chlorogenic acid was suggested. These facts demonstrate that the o-quinone compounds formed from o-diphenols by PPO rapidly reacted with methylmercaptan. The oxidation reaction of PPs by using acetone powder containing PPO or peroxidase is considered to be more effective for removing bad smells from our mouths and from the environment.     

Phenol removal from waste gases with a biological filter by Pseudomonas putida

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of biologically removing phenol from waste gases by means of a biofilter using a Pseudomonas putida strain. Two series of both batch and continuous tests have been performed in order to ascertain the microbial degradation of phenol. For the preliminary batch tests, carried out in order to test the effective feasibility of the process and to investigate their kinetic behavior, two different microbial cultures belonging to the Pseudomonas genus have been employed, a heterogeneous culture and a pure strain of P. putida. The results of these comparative investigation showed that the pure culture is more efficient than the mixed one, even when the latter has undergone three successive acclimatization tests. The continuous experiments have been conducted during a period of about 1 year in a laboratory-scale column, packed with a mixture of peat and glass beads, and utilizing the pure culture of P. putida as microflora and varying the inlet phenol concentration from 50 up to 2000 mg m(-3). The results obtained show that high degrees of conversion can be obtained (0.93/0.996) operating at a residence time of 54 s. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

硫酸盐松节油除臭脱色试验研究

本文提出了以氧化法与精馏法相配合净化硫酸盐松节油的方法。该方法不仅工艺简单、投资少、处理成本较低,而且所得松节油质量好,同时也扩大了松节油的原料来源。     

Isolation and characterization of sulphur-oxidizing Thiomonas sp. and its potential application in biological deodorization

AIMS: To isolate and characterize a sulphur-oxidizing bacterial strain from activated sludge and to evaluate its potential application in biological deodorization. METHODS AND RESULTS: A dominant sulphur-oxidizing bacterial strain, designated as strain SS, was isolated from an enrichment culture using thiosulphate as a sole energy source and CO2 as a sole carbon source. The cells of this organism were aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile. Strain SS could grow autotrophically, heterotrophically as well as mixotrophically. Autotrophic growth was observed at pH values ranging from 2.3 to 9.0. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain SS belonged to Group 1 of the genus Thiomonas, closely related to Thiomonas perometabolis and Thiomonas intermedia. The thiosulphate oxidation rates of strain SS at different pH values were evaluated in terms of oxygen uptake using a Micro-Oxymax respirometer. The results showed that the maximum oxidation rate of 5.65 mg l(-1) h(-1) occurred at 56 h of growth and pH 6.0. Continuous H2S removal study demonstrated that strain SS could remove more than 99% of H2S when the inlet concentration was below 58.6 ppm. Further increase of the inlet concentration to 118 ppm gave rise to a decline in the removal efficiency to ca 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The strong acidification of the culture medium during the later period could result in the deterioration of the growth activity and the metabolism activity of strain SS. In practical application, the problems caused by the end-product inhibition and the acidification can be alleviated by periodical replacement of culture medium with fresh medium. Given the physiological flexibility and the ability to remove H2S rapidly and efficiently, strain SS could be a good 'deodorizing' candidate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first time that Thiomonas species has been reported for biological deodorization application.     

微生物除臭剂发酵工艺条件优化及硫素转化的研究

利用酵母菌、乳酸菌、醋酸菌三种可食性微生物复配发酵制备微生物除臭剂,研究微生物复配比、发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量四个因素对H_2S去除率的影响。以单因素实验为基础,利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化最佳发酵条件,进一步研究硫元素转化及含量动态变化。结果表明酵母菌、乳酸菌、醋酸菌质量比为1∶2∶2时,各因素对H_2S去除率的影响由高到低依次为发酵温度发酵时间接种量,最优发酵条件为发酵时间48. 5 h、发酵温度30℃、接种量12. 75%,H_2S的去除率可达到71. 84%;实验组与对照组的硫元素转化及含量动态变化相比,实验组的SO_4~(2-)含量显著较高(P0. 05),H_2S释放量显著较低(P0. 05)说明该微生物除臭剂可以调节硫元素转化,有效抑制H_2S产生。     

鳕鱼碎肉酶解液脱腥脱苦的研究

为去除鳕鱼碎肉酶解液的腥苦味,分别比较了粉末活性炭吸附、酵母发酵和环状糊精包埋法的脱腥脱苦效果。采用单因素试验、正交试验等方法,研究了温度、时间、pH和脱腥剂用量对脱腥脱苦的影响,并得出了各脱腥剂的最佳脱腥脱苦条件。结果表明,活性炭和酵母粉联合去苦腥味效果最优:鳕鱼碎肉酶解液经质量分数1%酵母粉35℃下发酵1 h,然后加入质量分数0.5%的活性炭,在40℃、pH 5.0条件下吸附40 min,制得的酶解液基本上无苦腥味,且活性回收率可达91.81%。以上结果为鳕鱼碎肉酶解液的进一步应用奠定了技术基础。     

一株异养型细菌对无机硫化物的降解特性和培养条件优化

畜禽屠宰加工、鱼粉饲料加工等一些食品工业生产过程中会释放出大量的硫化氢恶臭气体,导致周边环境的严重污染。为实现以培养异养型细菌脱除硫化氢气体的目的,取分离到的异养脱硫细菌XJ-2,通过诱变筛选得到一株高效脱硫菌株ZJNB-B3,其脱硫率达97%。基于形态学研究、API 50 CHB生理生化鉴定及16S r RNA基因测序,鉴定该菌为蜡状芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus ZJNB-B3。该菌Gen Bank登录号为MF679650。降解特性研究表明,ZJNB-B3菌株对有毒的硫化物有较高耐受性,耐受上限高达300 mg/L。采用响应面法优化环境因素对菌株降解硫化物效率的影响,得到在最适培养温度30℃下,初始S~2–浓度为211.8 mg/L、初始p H值6.72、接种量为5.04%时,菌株氧化脱硫效果最显著,经过实测在48 h产生的硫酸盐浓度为63.8 mg/L,脱硫率达97.3%。菌株在氧化硫化物时不会产生硫酸抑制菌株的生长,可以在p H值温和的环境条件下脱硫,因此,该菌有较高的工业应用价值。本研究为异养型细菌应用于工业反应器脱除硫化氢恶臭气体提供了小试研究基础。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Hydrogen Sulfide-Removing Bacterium,Pseudomonas sp. Strain DO-1

Five microbial strains that removed hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or methylmercaptan (CH₃SH) gas were newly isolated from soil samples. Strain DO-1, one of the isolates, was identified as a member of Pseudomonas sp., and it’s immobilized cells removed 1 or 10 ppm of H₂S gas within 2 hours. When strain DO-1 was cultured aerobically in a flask containing nutrient broth medium, the deodorizing activity increased, depending on the growth of the culture, and the maximum activity was obtained after 48 hours. Even though the immobilized cells were stored at 4 or 25°C in sealed bottles for 6 months, the deodorizing activity remained. Throughout this study, strain DO-1 removed H₂ S gas without preliminary feeding or exposure to sulfur com-pounds as growth substrates or inducers. These characteristics are advantageous for the deodorization of the malodorous gases surrounding us in daily life.     

微生物在恶臭污染治理中的研究及应用

近年来,随着人们对恶臭污染重视程度的不断提高,针对恶臭气体控制和治理的研究也逐渐增多,其中微生物脱臭因其成本低、处理设备要求简易、基本无二次污染等较物理除臭和化学除臭无可比拟的优点,成为研究人员的关注热点。本文概述了微生物脱臭的过程和机理,主要介绍微生物脱臭技术分类和优缺点比较,以及微生物脱臭在恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,重点介绍了生物洗涤法、生物过滤法、生物滴滤法和生物菌剂法4种微生物脱臭技术在畜禽养殖、垃圾处理和污水处理引起的恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,最后对微生物脱臭的发展方向提出建议:加大对高效脱臭微生物资源的深度挖掘及选育工作的投入;加深对微生物在除臭过程中菌群结构的时空演变规律和对恶臭物质代谢原理及降解动力学的研究;加强对当前微生物脱臭技术及工艺的改进和创新。