驼绒藜中两个新的咖啡酯及其它化合物

对采自宁夏沙坡头的藜科驼绒藜进行化学成分研究,从中分离得到20个化合物,其中一个为咖啡酯的混合物(其中咖啡酸十九酯和咖啡酸十五酯为新的咖啡酯),一个苯甲酸衍生物,5个已知植物蜕皮激素,10个甾体化合物,3个肉桂酸及其衍生物。它们的结构经光谱分析(IR,MS,NMR)结合一定的化学方法、物理常数被确定。这些化合物都是第一次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Demonstration of long-chain n-alkyl caffeates and delta7-steryl glucosides in the bark of Acacia species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The GC-MS identification of several abundant long-chain aliphatic n-alkyl caffeates, together with other phydroxycinnamic acid esters, in the dichloromethane extracts of the bark of Acacia dealbata and A. melanoxylon, is reported. In addition, the unambiguous differentiation between two delta7-steryl glucosides (namely, spinasteryl glucoside and dihydrospinasteryl glucosides) and the homologous delta5-steryl glucosides was achieved based on the EI-MS fragmentation features of their trimethylsilyl derivatives.     

Selective analysis of phenolic compounds in propolis by HPLC-MS/MS

Phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acid derivatives) are major active constituents of the resinous fraction of propolis, and also represent its allergenic principles. We have developed a chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to characterise the polyphenolic fraction of propolis rapidly and quali-quantitatively. With precursor ion scanning, selective detection of caffeic esters was easily achieved, confirming the identification of prenyl caffeate, benzyl caffeate and phenylethyl caffeate by comparison with synthetic standards. The ionisation and fragmentation behaviour of the major propolis flavonoids was rationalised and applied to selected real samples. Taken together, the results of this study show that the introduction of precursor ion analysis leads to a significant improvement in the characterisation of the phenolic fraction of propolis, paving the way to the establishment of a better quality control for this important natural remedy. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

短葶飞蓬黄酮及咖啡酸酯的含量与土壤氮供应量的关系

通过对短葶飞蓬(Erigeron breviscapus)不同产地的44个种群植株的总黄酮、灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量与产地土壤全氮(N)和速效N含量的相关分析, 探讨了产地间土壤N含量变化在药用植物短葶飞蓬植株次生代谢有效成分含量变化中的作用机制。结果显示: 土壤全N含量与种群植株中总黄酮含量呈显著的负相关(r=-0.391, p＜0.01), 而与总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素关系不显著; 土壤速效N含量与种群植株中总黄酮(r=-0.528, p＜0.01)、灯盏乙素(r=-0.490, p＜0.01)和总咖啡酸酯含量(r=-0.471, p＜0.01)都表现出更高的极显著负相关关系。全部44个种群中, 有效N供应量变化只能解释次生代谢产物含量的17%~30%的变化。非石灰土壤与石灰土壤的种群分开进行线性回归, 可解释总黄酮含量产地间约80%的变化, 以及灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量约60%的变化。植株总黄酮、灯盏乙素和总咖啡酸酯含量都与植株含N量存在显著的负相关关系。研究表明: 土壤丰富的有效N供应不利于黄酮和咖啡酸酯的合成积累, 与“碳素/营养平衡假说”的预测一致; 土壤有效N对植物次生代谢产物的影响会受到植物体内外因素的影响。不同产地的短葶飞蓬的黄酮等酚类次生代谢产物含量的差异, 可能是产地间不同的土壤N供应量和其他生态因子及遗传变异共同作用的结果。