臭氧对原位条件下冬小麦叶片光合色素、脂质过氧化的影响

运用开顶式气室(OTC-1)研究了O3胁迫对原位条件下冬小麦叶片的光合色素、脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:随着O3浓度的升高,各个生育期小麦叶片中叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素组成发生改变,且在灌浆期变化明显;叶片相对电导率(REC)增大,丙二醛(M DA)含量增加;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和类胡萝卜素(C ar)含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在O3浓度低于1×10-7(φO3)时逐渐升高,而后急剧降低.可见O3促进了小麦叶片老化,加剧了膜脂过氧化,破坏了抗氧化系统功能,影响了叶片的正常生理代谢.     

石榴籽油的微波提取和体外抗氧化作用研究

比较常规回流提取与微波提取法对石榴籽油的提取率,并采用正交实验法优选微波提取最佳工艺条件。结果表明,出油率有显著性差异(P<0.01),微波提取出油率高,其提取最佳工艺条件为:物液比为1:5(g:mL),微波处理时间为50s×5(即每次处理50s,间歇处理5次),微波功率为480w。用Schaal烘箱法(60±1℃)比较了石榴籽油和维生素E抗猪油和色拉油氧化的作用,石榴籽油的体外抗氧化作用优于维生素E,具有很好的应用前景。     

Anti-oxidation activity of ethanol extracts from natural thalli of lichens

Screening test on anti-oxidation activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was performed for 99 ethanol extracts of 85 species of natural thalli of lichens in order to find novel anti-oxidation compounds.The 17 extracts of natural thalli showed high anti-oxidation activity.Among them,the activities of extracts from Hypogymnia vittata,Peltigera aphthosa,Nephromopsis ornata,Pseudevernia furfuracea,Cladonia vulcani and Peltigera elizabethae were higher.Extracts of Peltigera spp.showed higher activity than those of other genera.The ethanol extract of P.aphthosa had been separated into ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions.Two anti-oxidative spots were found only in the water-soluble fractions by thin-layer chromatography.The compound in the lower spot had the same Rf value,UV spectrum,and color as authentic solorinine that was previously found as a unique quaternary ammonium compound from Peltigera spp.We now report that the hydrophilic lichen substance,solorinine showed a nearly same anti-oxidation activity(EC50=120?mol/Lol/L) as standard antioxidant Trolox(EC50=150?mol/L).     

红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物体内抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用研究

研究了红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用,以抑瘤率、脾和胸腺指数、白细胞介素-2、干扰素-r、血管内皮细胞生长因子、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物等指标来考察红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制和体内抗氧化作用。结果表明,固体发酵产物高剂量和中剂量组的抑瘤率分别为66.66%和64.70%,与阴性组比较,有显著的抗肿瘤作用（P<0.01）,HE染色切片也能观察到固体发酵产物高、中和低各组肿瘤细胞大量坏死,并且高剂量和低剂量组血清中白细胞介素-2和干扰素-r含量显著增加,血管内皮生长因子含量降低,与抑制肿瘤效果具有一定相关性;此外,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物各组可以降低丙二醛含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物含量;综上所述,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用。     

Neuroprotective effect of Citrus kawachiensis (Kawachi Bankan) peels,a rich source of naringin,against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is known to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that naringin (NGIN) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We previously reported that Citrus kawachiensis contains a large quantity of NGIN in its peel. In the present study, we orally (p.o.) administered dried peel powder of C. kawachiensis to mice of a transient global ischemia model and found in the hippocampus region that it 1) suppressed neuronal cell death, 2) reversed the reduction in the level of phosphorylated calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, 3) had the tendency to reverse the reduction in the level of glutathione, and 4) blocked excessive activation of microglia and astrocytes. These results suggested that the dried peel powder of C. kawachiensis had a neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We also showed that these effects of the dried peel powder were more powerful than those obtained with a comparable amount of NGIN alone.     

碱胁迫对菊芋幼苗生长及其光合作用和抗氧化作用的影响

采用砂培试验研究了碱胁迫(0、12.5、25.0、37.5和50.0 mm o l.L-1N a2CO3)对2种菊芋(H elianthustuberosus L.)南芋8号(H t 1)和南芋1号(H t 2)幼苗生长及其光合作用和抗氧化作用的影响。结果表明,2种菊芋耐碱的极限浓度为50.0 mm o l.L-1;碱胁迫,尤其是高浓度(37.5 mm o l.L-1)的胁迫,显著降低菊芋幼苗总鲜重、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(G s)、蒸腾速率(T r)、水分利用效率(WUE)及叶绿素总量(Ch l a Ch l b)、类胡萝卜素(C aro)含量与叶片和根POD活性,而显著提高细胞间隙CO2浓度(C i)、叶片和根SOD活性以及丙二醛(M DA)含量。此外,H t 1叶绿素a/b(Ch l a/Ch l b)在碱胁迫下没有明显变化,而H t 2却明显降低。这些结果表明非气孔限制是碱胁迫下2种菊芋幼苗Pn降低的主要原因。菊芋品种H t 1幼苗耐碱能力大于菊芋品种H t 2,这可能与H t 1碱胁迫下维持了较高的Pn、G s、T r、WUE、Ch l a/Ch l b、C aro含量、SOD和POD活性和较低的M DA含量有关。     

蛹虫草MF27高抗氧化活性提取物筛选及保肝作用研究

本研究对一株优质蛹虫草菌株MF27不同提取物进行体外抗氧化活性比较,筛选得到高抗氧化活性提取物,并进一步探究该提取物对CCl₄诱导的小鼠肝损伤的修复作用。以DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率为抗氧化评价指标,从菌丝体发酵液、菌丝体水提物/醇提物、以及子实体水提物/醇提物中筛选菌株MF27的高抗氧化活性提取物;以CCl₄致小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,通过检测血清生化指标、肝功指标的变化,来评价该高活性提取物的体内抗氧化保肝效果。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,MF27的不同提取物均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,但对清除DPPH和OH自由基能力最好的提取物是子实体水提物,其对DPPH自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.096mg/mL,对羟自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.196mg/mL,当在1mg/mL 时对DPPH自由基的清除率为94.94%,对羟自由基的清除率为70.17%;体内抗氧化保肝结果显示,给药组（子实体水提物）相比模型组而言,小鼠血清中ALT、AST以及肝脏中MDA水平极显著降低（P<0.01）、SOD水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,表明子实体水提物能有效改善氧化性肝损伤,同时与阳性对照（联苯双酯）对比,给药组在肝脏指数上表现出相当的作用（P>0.05）。本研究表明菌株MF27的最有效抗氧化活性提取物是子实体水提物,它对体内氧化性肝损伤有一定的修复能力,揭示MF27子实体水提物具有成为抗氧化性肝损伤功能产品的潜力。     

Functional restoration of replicative senescent mesenchymal stem cells by the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida

The brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, which is called Mi-Yoek in Korea, has been traditionally consumed as a health food in East Asian countries. Recent studies have reported that U. pinnatifida has beneficial effects on arteriosclerosis, inflammation, fat metabolism, and tumors. In this study, we examined the anti-senescence effects of ethanol extracts of U. pinnatifida (UP-Ex) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). UP-Ex protected hBM-MSCs against oxidative injury, as determined by MTT assays. This effect was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of the oxidation-sensitive protein p53 and the apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3. Excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by oxidative stress was moderated in UP-Ex-treated hBM-MSCs (UP-Ex-MSCs). Similarly, expression of the ROS-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, and catalase was recovered in UP-Ex-MSCs. Excessive ROS induced by long-term cell expansion (passage 17) was significantly decreased along with restoration of the senescence proteins p53, p21, and p16 in UP-Ex-MSCs. UP-Ex treatment also improved the ability of these replicative, senescent hBM-MSCs (passage 17) to differentiate into osteocytes or adipocytes, suggesting that UP-Ex ameliorates the functional decline of senescent stem cells and may provide better therapeutic efficacy in stem cell therapy.

Abbreviations: hBM-MSCs: human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; DCF: 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein; DCFH-DA: 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RIPA: radioimmunoprecipitation assay; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2.     

黄条金刚竹对高浓度CO2和O3及其复合作用的生理响应

以黄条金刚竹为试材,环境背景大气为对照,应用开顶式气室(OTCs)熏蒸法模拟大气高浓度CO2(700μmol.mol-1)、O3(100nmol.mol-1)及其复合作用情景,分析叶片光合色素、膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶等的变化规律。结果显示:(1)与对照相比,高浓度O3处理103d的黄条金刚竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b、叶绿素/类胡萝卜素及SOD、POD、CAT活性均显著下降,而超氧阴离子和丙二醛含量、相对电导率、APX活性均显著升高,类胡萝卜素含量变化不明显。(2)与对照相比,同期高浓度CO2处理的叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素均显著升高,而叶绿素a/b和超氧阴离子、丙二醛含量及SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性显著降低,相对电导率和类胡萝卜素含量变化不明显。(3)高浓度O3和CO2复合作用下,除叶绿素a/b和CAT活性显著下降外,其余测定指标均与对照无明显变化。研究表明:高浓度O3使黄条金刚竹叶片活性氧产生速率提高,抗氧化酶活性和光合色素含量降低,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,膜结构破坏,表现出严重的伤害效应;而高浓度CO2能降低叶片活性氧产生速率,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,提高光合色素含量,表现出保护效应;高浓度O3和CO2复合处理能使叶片维持比高浓度O3处理更高的光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性,即高浓度CO2能在一定程度上有效地缓解高浓度O3对黄条金刚竹所造成的生理伤害。     

中药美白成分的复配及复方中药发酵液的功效

【目的】通过中药美白成分的复配,进而研究复方中药发酵液活性成分及功效性。【方法】以酪氨酸酶抑制率为指标研究最佳复配含量,采用分光光度法测定复方中药发酵液中总酚、多糖、黄酮、蛋白质含量,通过HPLC技术进行氨基酸分析,抗氧化能力通过总还原力和自由基清除试验进行评价,通过酪氨酸酶活性抑制实验进行美白功效分析。【结果】正交实验得出4种中药美白成分中覆盆子对酪氨酸酶抑制效果最好;复方中药发酵液中多酚、多糖、黄酮和蛋白质含量分别为147.80、4.36、1.17、2.22 g/kg;复方中药发酵液具有较高的总还原力、羟自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力;5%(W/V)复方中药发酵液的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为82.41%。【结论】复方中药发酵液中含有多种活性成分,具有一定的抗氧化和美白功效。