海南近海30株抗B16细胞活性放线菌的16S rDNA多样性分析

从海南近海 ,包括文昌红树林、海口红树林以及洋浦港等地采集样品 ,经苯酚、SDS、加热等预处理 ,稀释涂布麦芽汁_酵母膏琼脂 (YE)、淀粉酪素琼脂 (SC)、葡萄糖天冬氨酸琼脂 (GA) ,或者直接将样品稀释涂布加有重铬酸钾的高氏一号琼脂 (Gause)和麦芽汁_酵母膏琼脂等进行平板分离。共获得 35 4株放线菌 ,其中有 76株具有不同程度的抗B16细胞毒活性。比较发现加热预处理法和重铬酸钾选择培养法对于广泛分离筛选抗肿瘤活性放线菌不失为一种快速、简便、行之有效的方法。YE、Gause培养基无论在分离到的放线菌总数 ,还是细胞毒活性菌株的比例上都显示了良好的效果。对 30株具有较强抗B16细胞活性的链霉菌进行了扩增性 16SrDNA限制性酶切片段多样性分析 (16SARDRA) ,表明这 30株链霉菌之间有较大的基因差异性。 0 5 0 6 4 2、0 6 0 386和 0 6 0 5 2 4等 3株菌序列分析进一步证明这 3株菌属于链霉菌属 ,其中菌株 0 5 0 6 4 2与其亲缘关系最近的Streptomycescattleya的相似性仅为 95 % ,因此可能是一个新种。     

链霉菌分类方法学研究近展

链霉菌是重要的资源微生物 ,由于具有重要的商业及学术价值而被广泛研究。但链霉菌属内的分类关系仍未能很好解决。主要介绍了当前链霉菌的分类方法研究状况 ,强调了运用基因型和表型相结合多相分类方法对链霉菌进行分类的重要性。     

报告基因法比较两种放线菌启动子的活性

摘要：【目的】比较启动子Psf与红霉素抗性基因启动子（PermE*）在链霉菌中的表达强度差异。【方法】本文利用卡那霉素抗性梯度以及邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶显色系统,比较了两个启动子的表达差异。【结果】两个启动子在棒状链霉菌(Streptomyces clavuligerus) NRRL3585、天蓝色链霉菌（Streptomyces coelicolor）M145,委内瑞拉链霉菌（Streptomyces venezuelae）ISP5230及变铅青链霉菌（Streptomyces lividans TK     

Management of soil microbial communities to enhance populations of Fusarium graminearum-antagonists in soil

Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. Primary inoculum generated on crop residue is the driving force of FHB epidemics. Fusarium survival on crop residues is affected by soil microbial antagonists. The incorporation of green manures has been shown to increase the density and diversity of microbes in soils, particularly the density and the pathogen-inhibitory activity of specific bacteria and fungi. Evidence of increased streptomycete populations in soil as a response to green manure incorporation, and their negative effect on the survival of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl in soil, suggests their potential use to reduce the survival of related pathogens. There is, however, no precedent for the use of green manures to promote indigenous streptomycete populations to control FHB. This study investigated the use of green manures (sorghum–sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench–S. bicolor (L.) Moench var. sudanense (Piper)] and common buckwheat [Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench)]) for reducing F. graminearum survival in association with wheat residues. Soil bacterial density, streptomycete density and the density and inhibitory activity of F. graminearum-antagonists were monitored from planting until 3 and 6 months following the incorporation of green manures in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. The decomposition of wheat residues and survival of Fusarium in residues was also assessed. The use of green manures did not statistically impact the survival of F. graminearum in wheat residue. However, green manures promoted the development of higher densities and antagonistic abilities of F. graminearum-antagonists in soils. Additionally, streptomycete densities and F. graminearum-antagonist densities were significantly and positively correlated with reduced survival of Fusarium. The results of our study suggest that the use of green manures can enhance populations of indigenous soil microorganisms antagonistic to the survival of F. graminearum in wheat residue.     

Recovery of soil streptomycetes from arid habitats in Jordan and their potential to inhibit multi-drug resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> pathogens

A total of 161 different Streptomyces isolates were recovered from 5 soil samples representing the driest habitats of Jordan. These were then characterized and assessed for their antagonistic activity against four clinical multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa test pathogens. Results indicated that only 3 strains out of 139 and 6 out of 22 isolated at 27°C and 45°C, respectively, were active against at least three strains of pathogenic Pseudomonas. However, three Streptomyces strains (J_2b, J₄, and J₁₂) that were isolated at 45°C inhibited all of the tested pathogens with an inhibition zone ranging between 5 and 16 mm in diameter. Data obtained from comparing the inhibition activity of these unique Streptomyces strains toward multi-resistant Pseudomonas pathogens with standard used antibiotics revealed that these isolates produce possible different inhibitory bioactive compounds other than the standard antibiotics.     

New antibiotic with typical plant anthraquinone structure obtained studying terrestrial and marine Streptomycetes

In our screening for new antibiotics from bacteria, the streptomycete isolate M097 from Jiaozhou Bay in China was found to produce aloesaponarin II (1a) and 1,6-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone (2). Similarly, a terrestrial streptomycete GW24/1694 produced 1a and its methyl ether, the new compound 1-hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-methyl-anthraquinone (1b). All structures were derived by spectrochemical analysis and by comparison with reference data. The results showed that the marine streptomycete isolate M097 and the terrestrial streptomycete GW24/1694 could be a promising material for studying the biosynthetic pathway of polyketides.     

维吉霉素产生菌株X-435的诱变育种

链霉菌菌株x-435是从北京郊区采集的土样中分离得到的1株维吉霉素产生菌。为了提高维吉霉素的产量,采用紫外线对出发菌株x-435进行紫外线诱变处理,诱变处理后在高氏培养基上产生3种菌落形态,确定草帽型的菌落为阳性突变株的菌落形态,经过筛选获得效价高于出发菌株近20倍的突变株F5-25-u-28,且传代5代后稳定性较好。     

Protein phosphorylation in Streptomyces albus

The phosphorylated proteins of Streptomyces albus, radioactively labeled with [32P]orthophosphate have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. More than 10 protein species were found to be phosphorylated. With [32P]ATP as substrate cell free extracts phosphorylated endogenous proteins in vitro which were predominantly phosphorylated in vivo. From cell extract which exhibited active phosphorylated in vitro, a protein kinase has been partially purified. The kinase activity was identified in fractions corresponding to a 90 kDa protein.     

New chemical constituents from the endophyte Streptomyces species LR4612 cultivated on Maytenus hookeri

From solid cultures of the biologically important endophyte Streptomyces species LR4612, cultivated on Maytenus hookeri, four new and two known compounds were isolated. The new compounds were identified as (2S*,3S*)-5-amino-3-hydroxy-5-oxopentan-2-yl 3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoate (1), N-[(3R*,4R*)-3-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-2H,6H-1,5-benzodioxocin-10-yl]formamide (2), (5beta,6alpha)-6,11-dihydroxyeudesmane (3), and 5-(6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one (4); the known compounds were elucidated as sorbicillin (5) and N-acetyltyramine (6). The structures were established by HR-ESI-MS and in-depth NMR analyses.