Immuno-electron-microscopic localization of types III pN-collagen and IV collagen,laminin and tenascin in developing and adult human spleen

The distribution of the extracellular matrix proteins types III pN-collagen and IV collagen, laminin and tenascin was investigated in fetal, infant, and adult human spleens by using immuno-electron microscopy. The presence of type III pN-collagen was assessed by using an antibody against the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen. All the proteins other than type III pN-collagen were found in reticular fibers throughout development. In the white pulp of the fetus aged 16 gestational weeks, only an occasional type III pN-collagen-containing fibril was present, although type III pN-collagen was abundant in the reticular fibers of the red pulp. Conversely, in adults, most of the reticular fibers of the white pulp, but not of the red pulp, were immunoreactive for type III pN-collagen. Ring fibers, the basement membranes of venous sinuses, were well developed in both infant and adult spleens. The first signs of their formation could be seen as a discontinuous basement membrane, which was immunoreactive for type IV collagen, laminin, and tenascin in the fetus aged 20 gestational weeks. Intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all the proteins studied was visible in the mesenchymal cells of the fetus aged 16 gestational weeks and in the reticular cells of the older fetuses, which also showed labeling for type IV collagen and laminin in the endothelial cells. The results suggest that proteins of the extracellular matrix are produced by these stationary cells.     

Limb regeneration of the adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in the absence of the spleen

Summary It has been suggested that the immune system might figure prominently in the regulation of forelimb regeneration. However, neither the nature of this influence nor the aspect(s) of regeneration influenced are clearly known. The determination of which components of the immune system are indispensable for regeneration would be a logical first step in attempting to address such questions. This investigation, therefore, examined the effects of removing the spleen, a major lymphoid organ in the newt, upon the progress of regeneration. Splenectomies performed concomitantly with or after forelimb amputation failed to alter the time course of regeneration. Splenectomies, but not sham-splenectomies, performed prior to amputation reduced the time required to achieve successive stages of regeneration under some, but not all conditions, i.e., when performed 10–20 days before amputation, during the late fall and winter. Up until 35 days after amputation, no gross morphological distortions were observed as a result of splenectomy. It was concluded that the spleen is not required for regeneration to occur.Portions of this work constitute part of the thesis submitted by M.E. Fini in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree in Biology at Boston College     

Characterization of Brucella abortus S19 as a challenge strain for use in a mouse model of brucellosis

The objective of this project was to conduct a feasibility study to determine whether the Brucella abortus S19 vaccine infects and persists in mice and determine whether S19 can be used as a challenge strain for vaccine trial studies. Groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated (intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intranasally) and euthanized to determine colonization titers in the spleens and lungs. This study showed that S19 does infect and persist in the tissues of mice for 8 weeks and demonstrates that S19 can be used, safely and economically under BSL2 containment, as the challenge strain for future trials to evaluate vaccine efficacy.     

Effect of stachydrine hydrochloride to the prostate hyperplasia model in mice

Study the effect of stachydrine hydrochloride to prostatic hyperplasia in mice which made of the urogenital sinus implantation. KM male mices were selected.The group was given the respective drugs for gavage, the group of BG and MG were given the distilled water which the same amount as the drugs group for 21 consecutive days. The level of DHT, ACP, Non PACP were measured in serum, the average wet weight of the prostate and prostate index were calculated, the expression of bFGF, EGF, IGF-I, TGF-β in prostate tissue were measured, the pathological changes of the prostate, kidney, thymus, spleen were observed by HE staining. Compared with MG, stachydrine hydrochloride high (SHH), medium (SHM) and low (SHL) group could reduced the level of DHT and PACP in serum significantly (P < 0.01); SHM and SHL could increased the express of TGF-β1 significantly (P < 0.05); SHH, SHM, SHL could reduced the express of EGF significantly (P < 0.01); SHM could reduced the express of IGF-Ⅰ significantly (P < 0.01); Compared with MG, SHH, SHM, SHL could reduced the pathological changes of prostate significantly (P < 0.01); FG could reduced the kidney pathological changes significantly (P < 0.01). Stachydrine hydrochloric had no significant effect on the kidney. Stachydrine hydrochloride had the effect of improve thymus, spleen pathological changes. Stachydrine hydrochloride has a good inhibition effect on prostatic hyperplasia model in mices.     

斑马鱼脾显微与超微结构

应用光学显微镜和透射电镜对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)脾的显微与超微结构进行了观察。光镜结果表明,斑马鱼的脾主要由脾髓和网状组织两部分构成,脾髓分布于整个脾,分为白髓和红髓,但界限不明显,呈混合分布。红髓染色相对较浅,占脾实质的大部分区域,主要由密集的红细胞构成,可见脾窦结构,脾索结构不明显。白髓染色较深,主要由密集的淋巴细胞构成,淋巴细胞的胞核染色较深,呈深紫色。经Gordon-Sweet银染显示网状纤维后,可清晰观察到脾小结,从而可清晰区分红髓与白髓,脾小结与哺乳动物的类似,主要是由密集的淋巴细胞构成。酸性磷酸酶染色可见斑马鱼脾内有大量吞噬性细胞存在。电镜结果显示,红髓分布有不同类型的红细胞、血小板和浆细胞,白髓分布有淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、浆细胞和网状细胞,淋巴细胞胞质内含有多泡体,这可能与淋巴细胞发挥免疫功能有着密切联系。斑马鱼脾与大多数硬骨鱼相似,未观察到椭球这一特殊结构。     

脾脏保留手术对外伤性脾破裂患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探究脾脏保留手术对外伤性脾破裂患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月~2018年9月我院收治的外伤性脾破裂患者83例进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式不同分为两组,对照组(41例)患者给予脾脏切除术,观察组(42例)患者给予脾脏保留手术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、术后1d引流量、抢救成功率及治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+和Tuftsin因子水平和并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间和术后1d引流量均显著短于或低于对照组,而救治成功率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组治疗后血清Tuftsin因子水平较治疗前显著下降,而观察组血清Tuftsin因子水平较治疗前显著升高,并显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者的总并发症发生率为7.14%,较对照组(24.39%)显著降低(P0.05)。结论:与脾脏切除术相比,脾脏保留手术可显著改善外伤性脾破裂患者的免疫功能,且手术效果更好,安全性更高。     

结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠的脾脏和肺脏组织荷菌量与病理变化

目的分析结核急性感染小鼠脾脏和肺脏的组织荷菌量以及病理的动态变化。方法以3×105CFU结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv尾静脉途径感染雌性C57BL/6J小鼠,测定感染后1 d、1周、2周、3周、4周、6周和8周肺脏及脾脏组织的荷菌量,脾脏和肺脏组织经HE染色分析病理变化。结果感染动物的脾脏荷菌量在前3周逐步提高,在4～8周脾脏荷菌量维持稳定,肺脏组织在2～8周组织荷菌量逐步升高。病理分析显示动物感染3周后肺脏和脾脏出现肉芽肿,在6～8周病理损伤加重。结论小鼠经尾静脉感染高剂量结核分枝杆菌在8周前表现为急性感染状态,适用于抗结核药物的体内药效学评价。     

中药"神曲"对脾虚小鼠肠道菌群的调整及肠保护作用研究

目的研究中药"神曲"对脾虚小鼠肠道菌群的调整及肠保护作用.方法1.昆明小白鼠,分成4组:A组(正常对照组),B组(脾虚自然恢复组),C组(神曲治疗组),D组(丽珠肠乐治疗组).2.检测结肠内容物和粪便标本的肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、类杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量.3.结肠组织光镜和电镜观察.结果脾虚小鼠给予神曲水煎剂治疗后,肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、类杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量逐渐恢复正常,肠壁肌层厚度增加,杯状细胞数量增多,肠黏膜微绒毛排列紊乱、线粒体肿胀显著改善,明显好于自然恢复组,与丽珠肠乐治疗组相比差异无显著性.结论中药神曲对脾虚小鼠具有肠道菌群调整及促进损伤肠组织恢复的作用.     

Variant genes and the spleen in Plasmodium vivax malaria

It is generally accepted that Plasmodium vivax, the most widely distributed human malaria, does not cytoadhere in the deep capillaries of inner organs and thus this malaria parasite must have evolved splenic evasion mechanism in addition to sequestration. The spleen is a uniquely adapted lymphoid organ whose central function is the selective clearance of cell and other particles from the blood, and microbes including malaria. Splenomegaly is a hallmark of malaria and no other disease seems to exacerbate this organ as this disease does. Besides this major selective clearance function however, the spleen is also an erythropoietic organ which, under stress conditions, can be responsible for close to 40% of the RBC populations. Data obtained in experimental infections of human patients with P. vivax showed that anaemia is associated with acute and chronic infections and it has been postulated that the continued parasitemia might have been sufficient to infect and destroy most circulating reticulocytes. We review here the basis of our current knowledge of variant genes in P. vivax and the structure and function of the spleen during malaria. Based on this data, we propose that P. vivax specifically adhere to barrier cells in the human spleen allowing the parasite to escape spleen-clearance while favouring the release of merozoites in an environment where reticulocytes, the predominant, if not exclusive, host cell of P. vivax, are stored before their release into circulation to compensate for the anaemia associated with vivax malaria.     

Fusen herbal tea influenced of spleen deficiency rats model

Influence of spleen deficiency rat model to observe the Fusen herbal tea.MethodsRats were gavaged 15% rhubarb powder suspension (5 mL) of 17 days, twice a day. It caused by the spleen deficiency rats model, rats model are respectively at the same time drinking large doses of Fusen herbal tea, a small dose of Fusen herbal tea, a high dose of Wang Laoji herbal tea, a small dose of Wang Laoji herbal tea. When modeling will replace the corresponding tea rat normal blank group were given normal drinking water instead of daily water, and Baohewan group given a pill solution. In the 17 days, Rats were killed and observe the changes of rats.ResultsRat model were successded in spleen deficiency. The pathological changes of the organs in the model group, the pathological changes of the organs in the model group, but every dose of Fusen herbal tea has no obvious effect on rats.ConclusionFusen herbal tea has no obvious effect on rats.