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A basic problem in community ecology is determining whether a community of interacting species will survive in the long term.
A criterion ensuring this is that of permanence (or uniform persistence), which is based on the idea that species densities
for large time are above minimum non-zero levels. There are various mathematical techniques for investigating permanence,
but they do not yield an estimate for the minimum levels, and these may lie below minimum viability levels in the biological
sense of ‘Practical Persistence’. Here we study a technique for obtaining explicit expressions for the minimum levels when
one species is ‘slow’. This is illustrated for a predator–prey problem governed by difference equations, and we note that
the technique is applicable even when the dynamics is chaotic..
Received: 7 April 1997 / Revised version: 25 March 1998 相似文献
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M. B. Bush 《植被学杂志》1993,4(1):47-66
The first broad-based, paleoecological analysis of a sedimentary sequence on the British chalk, dating to the terminal Pleistocene, reveals a history of climatic, vegetational and faunal change. The past co-occurrence of currently allopatric species among molluscs, beetles and plants supports hypotheses of the impermanence of communities. Modern pollen rain data are utilized to refine the ecological interpretation of the fossil pollen data. The presence of the Windermere Interstadial (Allerod) and the Loch Lomond re-advance (Younger Dryas) are represented by decreased abundances of arboreal taxa and increased representation of cold grassland elements. Open grassland habitats appear to have been a continuous landscape element, at least locally, since the late-glacial period on the northern British chal Mands, although their species composition has changed greatly in the last 11400 yr. 相似文献
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研究带有年龄结构的捕食者-食饵模型的渐近行为.本文所研究的模型假定捕食者从幼年阶段到成年阶段的转变率依赖于幼年种群的密度,还假定幼年捕食者捕食食饵.本文最终给出了有年龄结构的捕食者-食饵模型的捕食者持久和灭绝的若干条件. 相似文献
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本文研究了具有阶段结构的两种群竞争系统的渐近行为.我们得到了系统持续生存的条件.由Brouwer不动点定理和李亚普诺夫函数,我们证明相应的周期系统在满足一定的条件下,存在一个唯一的全局渐近稳定的正周期解.最后我们把没有阶段结构的系统与有阶段结构的系统进行了比较. 相似文献
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In the natural world, there are many species whose individual members have a life history that they take them with two distinct stages: immaturity and maturity. In particular, we have in mind mammalian populations and some amphibious animals. We improve the assumption of a single population as a whole. It is assumed that the immature individuals and mature individuals are divided by a fixed period. This paper concentrates on the study of a stage-structured single population model with mature individuals in a polluted environment and pulse input of environmental toxin at fixed moments. Furthermore, the mature individuals are harvested continuously. We show that the population goes extinct if the harvesting rate is beyond a critical threshold. Conditions for the extended permanence of the population are also examined. From the biological point of view, it is easy to protect species by controlling the harvesting amount, impulsive period of the exogenous input of toxin and toxin impulsive input amount, etc. Our results provide reasonable tactics for biological resource management. 相似文献
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考虑下述造血模型dN(t)/dt=-δN(t)-βθ^nN(t)/θ^n N^n(t) 2βθ^nN(t-τ)/θ^n N^n(t-τ)e^γτ,t≥0,其中δ、β、θ、γ、τ∈(0, ∞),n∈(1, ∞),得到持久生存的充分条件。 相似文献
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目的:分析永久心脏起搏器植入术出现并发症的原因、相关因素及预防措施。方法:回顾分析2009年1月~2011年12月321例永久心脏起搏器植入患者的临床资料。其中男172例,女149例,平均年龄56.7±18.4岁。其中病态窦房结综合征136例,三度房室阻滞97例;二度II型房室阻滞76例,起搏器更换35例。结果:321例植入永久心脏起搏器患者中发生并发症17例,发生率为5.29%。其中与囊袋相关并发症4例,电极导线相关并发症4例、起搏器相关并发症2例,术中操作所致并发症3例。结论:深化对起搏器常见临床并发症的了解,进一步完善术前准备,重视术中规范操作并加强术后管理,可降低其并发症的发生率。 相似文献
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