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We examined relative effects of traits of leaf quality of ten willow species (Salix: Salicaceae) on growth rates of five species of insect herbivores found in interior Alaska (a willow sawfly, Nematus calais; the tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio canadensis; and three species of chrysomelid beetles, Gonioctena occidentalis, Calligrapha verrucosa, and Chrysomela falsa). Leaf traits examined were water content, toughness, total nitrogen contnet, pubescence, and presence or absence of phenolic glycosides. Of ten Salix species, four species contain phenolic glycosides in their leaves. We examined relative effects of water content, toughness, and nitrogen content of the Salix leaves on larval growth rates at three different levels, i.e., on a single host species, between different host species, and between herbivore species. The within-host analyses showed that effects of water content, toughness and/or nitrogen content on herbivore growth rates were generally significant in early-season herbivores but not in late-season herbivores. For each herbivore species, differences in growth rates between hosts were not explained by differences in water content, toughness, or nitrogen content. The between-herbivore analysis showed that the interspecific difference in larval growth rates were related to difference in water and nitrogen content of the hosts. Pubescence of Salix leaves had little effects on herbivore growth rates. Presence of phenolic glycosides had a positive effects on growth rates of a specialist, N. calais, but no effect on the other specialist, Ch. falsa. Presence of phenolic glycosides had, in general, negative effects on growth rates of nonspecialists, G. occidentalis, C. verrucosa, and P. canadensis. 相似文献
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Abstract Cohorts of willow sawfly (Nematus oligospilus) were reared in the laboratory on crack willow (Salix fragilis) at seven constant temperatures between 11.3 and 28.8°C. Larvae developed through 5–7 instars. Body size (length) of adult females was influenced by temperature and was strongly correlated with fecundity (R2 = 0.8973). The developmental threshold (to), determined through linear regression, was calculated to be 8.1°C, and the thermal accumulation above to required to complete one generation was 321 degree‐days. The number of degree‐days available for seasonal development of the sawfly at 10 sites throughout New Zealand was calculated. Allowing for the period of diapause, it was estimated that N. oligospilus might potentially develop through up to seven generations per year in the North Island and three generations per year in the south of the South Island. 相似文献
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杏丝角叶蜂是杏树的重要害虫,该虫在浙江省,年发生2代。4月中旬至5月下旬是第一、第二代幼虫的危害期。本文报道了该虫的生活史、成虫飞翔、幼虫取食及其结茧和孵的分布规律。林间喷洒2.5%功夫乳油4000倍液可有效地杀灭幼虫。 相似文献
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记述采自中国河南的叶蜂科突瓣叶蜂亚科1新种:贺氏突瓣叶蜂Nematus hei sp.nov.。新种与Nematus yuae Wei很近似,但新种后足基节基部5/6和股节基部1/4白色,前翅2Rs室大型,长2倍于宽,明显长于1Rs的1/2长,背面观尾须端部显著伸出锯鞘端部,锯鞘缨毛显著弯曲,锯腹片的锯基腹索踵短而宽,背缘鼓凸,锯腹片第1节缝骨化程度显著强于其余各节,中部节缝刺毛带最宽处显著窄于锯节1/3宽。首次记述了于氏突瓣叶蜂Nematus yuae Wei,2002的雌性。新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。 相似文献
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