Downregulation of MiR-218 can alleviate high-glucose-induced renal proximal tubule injury by targeting GPRC5A

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore the functional implication of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through high-glucose-stimulated renal proximal tubule impairment. Biological function experiments showed that miR-218 and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were highly expressed in renal proximal tubule under high-glucose conditions. Inhibiting miR-218 alleviated renal tubular cell injury, which was represented by miR-218 inhibitor facilitating renal tubular cell vitality whilst reducing its apoptosis and levels of inflammation factors. In addition, we confirmed that miR-218 directly targeted GPRC5A and negatively regulated its expression. Co-transfection assay showed that overexpression of GPRC5A accentuated the mitigated action of miR-218 inhibitor on renal proximal tubule cell injury induced by high-glucose. Accordingly, these data indicated that downregulation of miR-218 can assuage high-glucose-resulted renal tubular cell damage, and its ameliorative effect was achieved by negative regulation of GPRC5A, which provides a novel direction for unearthing the pathogenesis and even further biological treatment of DN.     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌中miR-218表达的关系

目的观察高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌中miR-218表达的关系。方法收集2015年6月至2018年12月我院手术切除的宫颈癌组织并检测高危型HPV感染情况和miR-218表达量。培养HPV16阳性的SiHa细胞株并进行分组,阴性对照(NC)组转染NC模拟物、miR-218组转染miR-218模拟物,检测两组细胞凋亡率、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关x蛋白(Bax)、Bcl-2相互作用细胞死亡介导因子(Bim)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Caspase)-9、Caspase-3的mRNA表达量及凋亡通路分子c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、c-Jun基因(c-Jun)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的蛋白表达量。结果高危型HPV阳性的宫颈癌组织中miR-218表达量减少。转染24 h后,miR-218组细胞凋亡率、细胞中Bax、Bim、Caspase-9、Caspase-3的mRNA表达量及JNK、c-Jun的蛋白表达量均明显高于NC组,而细胞中Bcl-2的mRNA表达量及PI3K、AKT、mTOR的蛋白表达量均低于NC组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论miR-218在高危型HPV感染的宫颈癌组织中表达减少。增加miR-218的表达能够促进HPV感染宫颈癌细胞的凋亡。该调控作用与JNK/c-Jun通路的激活及PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路的抑制有关。     

Cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and mechanisms of non-coding genetic disease in human retina and retinal organoids

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Queratitis fúngica por Curvularia hominis: primer caso descrito en España

Background

Dematiaceous fungal genus Curvularia is a causal agent of keratitis, onychomycosis, and skin infections. In 2014, using DNA sequencing techniques, five new species, including Curvularia hominis, were described. In this article, a report is presented on the first clinical case of C. hominis infection in Spain. It concerns a corneal ulcer caused by this recently described species.

Exosomal small RNA sequencing uncovers the microRNA dose markers for power frequency electromagnetic field exposure

Purpose: The potential health risks caused by power frequency electromagnetic field (PFEMF) have led to increase public health concerns. However, the diagnosis and prognosis remain challenging in determination of exact dose of PFEMF exposure.

Materials and methods: Mice were exposed to different magnetic doses of PFEMF for the following isolation of serum exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) extraction and small RNA sequencing. After small RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation and serum exosomal miRNA biomarkers were determined.

Results: Significantly changed serum exosomal miRNA as biomarkers of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5?mT and common PFEMF exposure were confirmed. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the downstream target genes of the above-identified exosomal miRNA markers indicated that, exosomal miRNA markers were predicted to be involved in critical pathophysiological processes of neural system and cancer- or other disease-related signalling pathways.

Conclusions: Aberrantly-expressed serum exosomal miRNAs, including miR-128-3p for 0.1?mT, miR-133a-3p for 0.5?mT, miR-142a-5p for 2.5?mT, miR-218-5p and miR-199a-3p for common PFEMF exposure, suggested a series of informative markers for not only identifying the exact dose of PFEMF exposure, also consolidating the base for future clinical intervention.     

Reversible unfolding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main protease in guanidinium chloride

Chemical denaturant sensitivity of the dimeric main protease from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus to guanidinium chloride was examined in terms of fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, analytical ultracentrifuge, and enzyme activity change. The dimeric enzyme dissociated at guanidinium chloride concentration of <0.4 M, at which the enzymatic activity loss showed close correlation with the subunit dissociation. Further increase in guanidinium chloride induced a reversible biphasic unfolding of the enzyme. The unfolding of the C-terminal domain-truncated enzyme, on the other hand, followed a monophasic unfolding curve. Different mutants of the full-length protease (W31 and W207/W218), with tryptophanyl residue(s) mutated to phenylalanine at the C-terminal or N-terminal domain, respectively, were constructed. Unfolding curves of these mutants were monophasic but corresponded to the first and second phases of the protease, respectively. The unfolding intermediate of the protease thus represented a folded C-terminal domain but an unfolded N-terminal domain, which is enzymatically inactive due to loss of regulatory properties. The various enzyme forms were characterized in terms of hydrophobicity and size-and-shape distributions. We provide direct evidence for the functional role of C-terminal domain in stabilization of the catalytic N-terminal domain of SARS coronavirus main protease.     

Differential expenditure of maternal resources in Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, at Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean

Maternal expenditure in lactating Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalusgazella) was studied at Heard Island in the 1987 to 1988 summer/autumn.The mean birth mass, growth rate, and mass at 60 days of sonswere significantly greater than those of daughters. Maternalforaging trips lasted on average 5.9 days, and attendance boutslasted 1.5 days. Over the course of this study, foraging tripduration increased from 5.0 to 7.0 days, and attendance durationdeclined from 2.0 to 1.5 days. Pups lost 3.2% of their bodymass/day while their mothers foraged at sea, but gained massrapidly during periods of maternal attendance. Sons gained significantlymore body mass (1.9 kg) compared with daughters (1.3 kg) duringmaternal attendance, suggesting that sons consume more milk.Sex differences in mass gain were unrelated to pup age or bodymass. During 2-day maternal attendance bouts, sons gained mostof their mass (71%) during the first day, and daughters increasedmass at almost the same rate each day. The increase in massby sons during maternal attendance was significantly positivelyrelated to both the duration of their mothers' preceding andsubsequent foraging trips. In contrast, mass gained by daughterswas positively related to the duration of their mothers' attendance.Mass at 60 days age was negatively related to birth date insons, and positively related to birth mass in daughters. Thesedata indicate that (1) greater maternal resources are expendedon sons than on daughters, (2) sons receive greater maternalresources because they are male, and not because of their greaterbirth mass and body size, (3) different factors appear to beimportant in determining high postnatal growth in sons and daughters,and (4) demand for resources by sons can influence maternalbehavior and ultimately the level of resources received.     

E2F1-mediated MNX1-AS1-miR-218-5p-SEC61A1 feedback loop contributes to the progression of colon adenocarcinoma

The long noncoding RNA MNX1-AS1 has been reported to facilitate the progression of glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of MNX1-AS1 in colon adenocarcinoma have not been studied until now. In the current study, MNX1-AS1 was upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. JASPAR prediction tool showed that E2F1 could bind to the promoter region of MNX1-AS1. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay were used to verify the interactions between MNX1-AS1 and E2F1. Then functional assays revealed that downregulation of MNX1-AS1 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon adenocarcinoma, but upregulation of E2F1 reversed the effects. Moreover, subcellular fractionation assay manifested that MNX1-AS1 was enriched in the cytoplasm of colon adenocarcinoma cells, thus we speculated whether MNX1-AS1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to play roles in colon adenocarcinoma. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay indicated that MNX1-AS1 could sponge microRNA-218-5p (miR-218-5p). Furthermore, we discovered that SEC61A1 was downstream target of miR-218-5p, and MNX1-AS1 acted as a ceRNA to upregulate the expression of SEC61A1 through sponging miR-218-5p. Finally, rescue assays confirmed that MNX1-AS1 facilitated the progression of colon adenocarcinoma through regulating miR-218-5p/SEC61A1 axis. Taken together, we concluded that E2F1-mediated MNX1-AS1-miR-218-5p-SEC61A1 feedback loop contributed to the progression of colon adenocarcinoma.     

罗氟司特对脓毒症炎症大鼠炎症因子及淋巴细胞的调控机制分析

摘要 目的：探究罗氟司特通过JAK/STAT途径对脓毒症炎症大鼠炎症因子及淋巴细胞的调控机制分析。方法：将54只SD大鼠随机分为正常组（n=18）,模型组（n=18）和罗氟司特组（n=18）,正常组正常喂养,模型组和罗氟司特组建立脓毒症大鼠模型。模型组和罗氟司特组腹膜内注射0.9 %的氯化钠和罗氟司特。干预7 d后,对大鼠取样。测定灌洗液中炎症细胞的数量、JAK和STAT-3的蛋白、AST和ALT、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达。结果：在观察的7 d中,正常组大鼠均存活,生存率高于模型组和罗氟司特组（P<0.05）,罗氟司特组生存率高于模型组（P<0.05）。与正常组相比,模型组和罗氟司特组术后症状评分均增加（P<0.05）,罗氟司特组术后症状评分低于模型组（P<0.05）。模型组和罗氟司特组的miRNA-218表达低于正常组（P<0.05）,而罗氟司特组高于模型组（P<0.05）;模型组和罗氟司特组淋巴细胞,中性粒细胞和单核细胞总数,JAK和STAT-3的蛋白质表达,AST、ALT、IL-6和TNF-α水平高于正常组（P<0.05）,罗氟司特组上述指标低于模型组（P<0.05）。结论：罗氟司特通过JAK / STAT途径阻断miRNA-218表达,抑制促炎性细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达,减轻脓毒症炎症的机制和肝脏损害并改善多发性脓毒症的生存率。     

Use of the Airfuge for analysis and preparation of receptors incorporated into liposomes: Studies with the receptor for immunoglobulin E

A Beckman Airfuge has been employed for studying the interaction between lipids and the receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE). For analytic experiments, samples were applied underneath a discontinuous sucrose gradient. After a 30-min centrifugation in a fixed-angle rotor, liposomes floated toward the top of the gradient whereas unincorporated receptor-IgE complexes remained at the bottom of the tube. Liposomes with incorporated receptors were also efficiently separated in the ACR-90 preparative rotor. These methods of "Airfuge flotation" can provide useful adjuncts to more traditional methods for density-gradient centrifugation especially when rapid analysis of small samples is desired.