海南鹿回头岸礁造礁石珊瑚群落结构动态Ⅱ.物种多样性

根据石珊瑚物种的总数、石珊瑚覆盖的百分率、物种多样性和均匀度,对鹿回头岸礁造礁石珊瑚群落结构类型所处在演替阶段的时间状态和生境的空间状态进行分析。在中等和深水区物种多样性的时间变异,随演替的发展而有所下降;浅水区不随演替而变化。在不同生境区珊瑚生长的聚群上,与时间的发展无关;每个演替时期,物种多样性的类型与生境的变化有关。     

Spatial pattern of coral diversity in Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya, China

84 quadrats from 5 vertical transects of Luhuitou fringing reef are investigated in detail by using video-quadrat and indoor-interpretation methods. The results show that (1) the reef consists of 69 species of hermatypic corals belonging to 24 genera and 13 families which are unevenly distributed in abundance. (2) Among all the corals, Porites lutea is the most dominant species with importance value percentage up to 36.62%; Porites and Acropora are dominant genera with importance value percentages 43.85% and 22.88%, respectively. (3) There exist distinct spatial differences in coral communities. Both the coral covers and coral diversity indices on the northeastern transects are higher than those on the central and southern transects. (4) Coral communities also show remarkable zonal characteristics with less coral species occurring on reef flat than on reef slope. The importance value percentage of the sole dominant coral genus, Porites, is over 50%, while on the reef slope, the importance value percentages are 28.33% for the first dominant genus Acropora and 26.71% for the second dominant genus Porites. Our further analysis suggests that the spatial and zonal differences of coral diversity pattern are correlated with both natural environmental changes and human activities. The shallow water reef flat is frequently exposed at low tide and it receives more anthropogenic influences (including dredging and trampling) than the deep water reef slope. Thus, the coral community on the reef flat is not as well developed as that on reef slope. The relatively poor coral covers and coral diversity indices on the central and southern transects are closely related to heavy human activities around these sites such as aquaculture, fishing and coastal sewage drainage. Therefore, the impact of human activities must be taken into account in developing strategies for the protection of this coral reef.     

Spatial pattern of coral diversity in Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya, China

84 quadrats from 5 vertical transects of Luhuitou fringing reef are investigated in detail by using video-quadrat and indoor-interpretation methods. The results show that (1) the reef consists of 69 species of hermatypic corals belonging to 24 genera and 13 families which are unevenly distributed in abundance. (2) Among all the corals, Porites lutea is the most dominant species with importance value percentage up to 36.62%; Porites and Acropora are dominant genera with importance value percentages 43.85% and 22.88%, respectively. (3) There exist distinct spatial differences in coral communities. Both the coral covers and coral diversity indices on the northeastern transects are higher than those on the central and southern transects. (4) Coral communities also show remarkable zonal characteristics with less coral species occurring on reef flat than on reef slope. The importance value percentage of the sole dominant coral genus, Porites, is over 50%, while on the reef slope, the importance value percentages are 28.33% for the first dominant genus Acropora and 26.71% for the second dominant genus Porites. Our further analysis suggests that the spatial and zonal differences of coral diversity pattern are correlated with both natural environmental changes and human activities. The shallow water reef flat is frequently exposed at low tide and it receives more anthropogenic influences (including dredging and trampling) than the deep water reef slope. Thus, the coral community on the reef flat is not as well developed as that on reef slope. The relatively poor coral covers and coral diversity indices on the central and southern transects are closely related to heavy human activities around these sites such as aquaculture, fishing and coastal sewage drainage. Therefore, the impact of human activities must be taken into account in developing strategies for the protection of this coral reef.     

三亚鹿回头石珊瑚物种多样性的空间分布

对三亚鹿回头珊瑚岸礁沿垂直岸线的5条断面上84个调查样方观测照相和室内判读分析,鹿回头岸段石珊瑚共有13科24属69种,珊瑚分布不均,少数种类优势明显.石珊瑚优势种为澄黄滨珊瑚,其重要值百分比为36.62%;优势属为滨珊瑚属(43.85%)和鹿角珊瑚属(22.88%).各断面间多样性格局差异明显,并存在明显的垂直分带现象:东北部第1、2断面石珊瑚种类分布较为均匀,多样性指数值高于中南部第3、4、5断面;礁坪为珊瑚稀疏生长带,种类较少且滨珊瑚为绝对优势属(重要值百分比＞50%);礁坡为珊瑚密集生长带,种类较多以鹿角珊瑚最占优势(28.33%),滨珊瑚仅次之(26.71%).近年来该岸段珊瑚礁衰退趋势明显,不合理的破坏性人类活动是重要原因.石珊瑚多样性的空间差异除因礁坪礁坡不同的自然环境外,主要与受到不同类型和强度的人类活动有关.礁坪大潮低潮时暴露,环境恶劣,且受人类采挖、践踏活动影响较频繁和明显;礁坡环境适宜,人类活动影响也相对微弱.养殖、捕捞和近岸排污等人类活动在岸段中南部较为突出,对珊瑚多样性的影响比东北部明显.在尊重珊瑚礁发育的自然规律基础上不断加大力度制止养殖、不合理捕捞和近岸排污等破坏性人类活动,才能更好地科学保护和管理该岸段珊瑚礁.     

Community Structure Dynamics of the Hermatypic Corals on Luhuitou Fringing Reef,Hainan,China.I.Species Composition and Abundance

1IntroductionStudyoncoralcommunitysuccession,especiallytherecoveryofdisturbedcoralcommu-nities,hasreceivedagreatdealoftheoreticalandempiricalattentioninthelasttwodecades(e.g.Connell1978;Grigg1983;Fitzhardinge1985;Hughes1985,1989;HughesandJackson1985;Sammarco1985;Wallace1985a,b;Colgan1987;Doneetal.1988,1991;Phongsuwan1991,etc).However,moststudiesofhermatypiccoralsuccessionhavebeenconcentratedononlyaportionofacommunityandcoveredamuchshortertimeperiodcom-paredwiththetimetakenforacoralcommunit…     

海南三亚鹿回头造礁石珊瑚生长变化与人类活动的影响

采用全球珊瑚礁监测网络(GCRMN)推荐的永久样方法首次在国内开展珊瑚礁生长的监测和研究。在海南三亚鹿回头岸礁区建立了10个珊瑚礁永久样方,分别于2003年12月、2004年4月、2004年9月和2005年4月开展了4次造礁石珊瑚生长的现场监测,并对周边人类活动进行了相关调查。研究发现,鹿回头东北部岸礁区4个样方的珊瑚覆盖率稳定增长,珊瑚生长良好,监测期间的珊瑚生长覆盖率平均为3.1%,珊瑚死亡覆盖率平均为1.3%;中部和南部岸礁区5个样方的珊瑚覆盖率明显下降,珊瑚出现衰退,衰退范围有明显扩大,珊瑚生长覆盖率平均为2.2%,珊瑚死亡覆盖率平均达到7.9%。珊瑚新个体的繁殖数量极少,平均新生珊瑚数量近1个/m2,新生珊瑚覆盖率对珊瑚生长覆盖率的贡献较低。人类活动对鹿回头岸礁区珊瑚生长的影响主要有两类:一是捕捞、炸鱼、船只抛锚、潜水等物理破坏;二是沿岸养殖场和旅游餐馆污水排放产生的水质污染,导致珊瑚生长机理的破坏。其中,水质污染是造成中部和南部岸礁区样方珊瑚死亡的主要原因,与沿岸养殖场和餐馆的分布、排污时间以及排污量有密切关系。     

鹿回头造礁石珊瑚群落多样性的现状及动态

通过对鹿回头岸礁（１０９°２８＇Ｅ,１８°１３＇Ｎ）造礁石珊瑚群落进行系统取样调查,分析了现有群落整体的成分组成,α－多样性和β－多样性及其在环境梯度上的变化;根据现有群落实际是处于不同演替时期地段的复合体的特点,把处于相同演替时期地段的综合特征作为分析群落整体在相应时期多样性特征的依据,探讨了群落演替过程中的多样性动态。研究发现：①中等水深（２．５￣５．０ｍ）地段的物种多样性平均值高于其他地段,