Schistosoma haematobium: experimental infection in capuchin monkey, Cebus apella

South American capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) have been included in a series of nonhuman primates under evaluation for their potential use as models in a study of the basic biology of Schistosoma haematobium. Emphasis has been given to involvement of the urogenital system, a prominent feature of infection in man. Preliminary observations on Cebus apella with moderate numbers of S. haematobium from Iran showed that there may be serious involvement of the urogenital system with development of pronounced hydronephrosis accompanied by pathobiological alteration of the urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys. There were heavy deposits of parasite eggs in the major viscera.     

Lim 1 is required for nephric duct extension and ureteric bud morphogenesis

The nephric duct plays a central role in orchestrating the development of the mammalian urogenital system. Lim 1 is a homeobox gene required for head and urogenital development in the mouse but most Lim 1-deficient embryos die by embryonic day 10. To determine the role of Lim 1 in the development of the nephric duct, we conditionally removed Lim 1 in the nephric epithelium just after the nephric duct begins to form using a floxed allele of Lim 1 and Pax2-cre transgenic mice. We report that Lim 1 conditional knockout mice have renal hypoplasia and hydronephrosis. Developmental studies revealed that the caudal portion of the nephric duct did not reach the urogenital sinus at embryonic day 10.5, formation of the ureteric bud was delayed, the ureteric bud was smaller and branching of the ureteric bud reduced. We also found that the nephric duct was generally not maintained and extension of the Müllerian duct inhibited. Molecular analysis indicated that Pax2 was expressed normally but the expression of Wnt9b and E-cadherin in the nephric duct was markedly altered. These results suggest that Lim 1 influences nephric duct extension and ureteric bud outgrowth by regulating and or maintaining the differentiation of the nephric epithelium.     

胎羊单侧输尿管梗阻模型的建立

目的建立胎羊单侧输尿管梗阻的动物模型,探讨其病理、影像学特点。方法取12只单胎妊娠75-85 d的健康山羊,采用宫内手术的方法造成胎羊左侧输尿管不完全梗阻。对羔羊进行影像、病理学研究。结果12只孕羊中有3只流产;有9只孕羊顺产羔羊。超声检查：梗阻后的第3周内胎羊左肾显著增大、积水及实质变薄。放射学检查：羔羊左肾积水并且功能受损害。病理学检查：左肾肾小球数目减少,肾小管扩张明显,未见肾发育不良。结论对山羊单胎妊娠中期胎羊进行宫内手术建立胎羊单侧输尿管梗阻的动物模型是可行的,该模型能很好地模拟肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻所致的胎儿肾积水。     

兔肾积水模型的建立及SPECT和CT灌注成像

目的探索建立肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻所致肾积水的动物模型的可行性;探讨CT灌注成像对积水肾脏肾功能的评估价值。方法10周龄雄性新西兰兔50只随机分组,假手术组20只,分离左侧输尿管后直接关腹。模型组30只,选用腰大肌包埋输尿管造成左侧肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻。术前两组进行单光子发射计算机体层成像（SPECT）比较左肾功能,检验无差异后在术后3月分别行左肾SPECT、CT灌注,以病理检查为佐证,观察两组参数变化,进行CT灌注各项参数和GFR的统计学相关性分析。结果模型组建模成功达70%,呈慢性肾积水病理表现,左肾皮髓质CT灌注参数BF、BV、PS均下降,与相应GFR呈高度正相关。结论腰大肌包埋输尿管的模型制作方法具有可行性。CT灌注参数可作为肾功能状态的评定指标,具有一定的临床指导意义。     

核医学肾动态显像和血清Cys C在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用

目的:探讨核医学肾动态显像和血清胱抑素C(Cys C)在评价肾积水患者肾功能中的临床应用。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年1月我院收治的肾积水患者70例,依据肾积水程度将患者分为轻度积水组(21例)、中度积水组(26例)、重度积水组(23例)三组,选择同期我院体检中心的健康成人20例作为对照组,所有研究对象分别通过肾动态显像和双血浆法测量肾小球率过滤(GFR),分别记为I-GFR和rGFR,采用酶联免疫吸附法和血生化分析仪分别检测血清Cys C和尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)。结果:各组各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),肾积水患者r-GFR、I-GFR显著低于对照组患者,Cys C、BUN、SCr均显著高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);不同程度患者r-GFR、Cys C和SCr差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),其中,重度积水组中度积水组轻度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);重度积水组I-GFR和BUN均高于轻度积水组和中度积水组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);rGFR和I-GFR与肾积水程度呈负相关(r=-0.967、-0.754,P=0.000、0.000),Cys C、BUN和SCr与肾积水程度呈正相关(r=0.883、0.627、0.671,P=0.000、0.002、0.001)。结论:核医学肾动态显像在评价轻度肾积水患者肾功能时更敏感,而血清Cys C在区分中、重度肾积水患者时更加准确,上述两指标作为替代双血浆法的检测方法在临床上应该互为补充,方能使诊断更加准确。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症伴肾积水1 例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症累及输尿管的诊断和治疗方法。方法:术前诊断为右侧输尿管下段占位病变伴右肾积水的42岁女性患者,行下腹正中切口,探查右侧输尿管开口处可见淡黄色息肉样病变,突入膀胱,输尿管下段增粗并全程扩张积水,行输尿管下段并膀胱袖式切除,输尿管膀胱再植术。术后病理报告为输尿管子宫内膜异位症。结果:术后复查B超示右肾积水较术前恢复,术后予抑那通3.75mg/28d,随访6个月未见复发。结论:对于输尿管占位并上尿路积水的女性患者,除考虑肿瘤外还应考虑子宫内膜异位症可能。手术联合内分泌治疗是治疗输尿管子宫内膜异位伴肾积水的有效方法。     

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), which can either be irreversible (UUO) or reversible (R-UUO). In the irreversible UUO model, the ureter may be obstructed for variable periods of time in order to induce increasingly severe renal inflammation and interstitial fibrotic scarring. In the reversible R-UUO model the ureter is obstructed to induce hydronephrosis, tubular dilation and inflammation. After a suitable period of time the ureteric obstruction is then surgically reversed by anastomosis of the severed previously obstructed ureter to the bladder in order to allow complete decompression of the kidney and restoration of urinary flow to the bladder. The irreversible UUO model has been used to investigate various aspects of renal inflammation and scarring including the pathogenesis of disease and the testing of potential anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrotic therapies. The more challenging model of R-UUO has been used by some investigators and does offer significant research potential as it allows the study of inflammatory and immune processes and tissue remodeling in an injured and scarred kidney following the removal of the injurious stimulus. As a result, the R-UUO model offers investigators the opportunity to explore the resolution of kidney inflammation together with key aspects of tissue repair. These experimental models are of relevance to human disease as patients often present with obstruction of the renal tract that requires decompression and are commonly left with significant residual kidney impairment that has no current treatment options and may lead to eventual end stage kidney failure.     

Is urine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 a marker of renal disorder in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction?

Aim: We aimed to investigate whether urine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) might serve as a marker of renal disorder in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Material and methods: Twenty-nine children with severe hydronephrosis (HN) were compared with 23 participants with mild HN and with 19 healthy peers.

Results: Urine ICAM-1/uCre levels were significantly higher in HN children than healthy controls (P?<0.01), and in severe HN when compared with mild HN (p?<0.05).

Conclusions: It seemed to us that uICAM-1 is a biomarker of renal disorder, and might have the potential to predict which patients will require surgery.