瘤足蕨科及其近缘类群植物叶表皮微形态扫描电镜观察

瘤足蕨科是一个自然的群,但由于各类群之间的形态差异及种内变异比较大,其分类和系统位置一直有争议。该研究利用扫描电子显微镜对瘤足蕨科10种及其近缘类群桫椤科2种、蚌壳蕨科1种共13种植物,即瘤足蕨(Plagiogyria adnata)、耳形瘤足蕨(P.stenoptera)、镰羽瘤足蕨(P.falcata)、峨嵋瘤足蕨(P.assurgens)、密羽瘤足蕨(P.pycnophylla)、灰背瘤足蕨(P.glauca)、华东瘤足蕨(P.japonica)、华中瘤足蕨(P.euphlebia)、日本瘤足蕨(P.matsumureana)、美洲瘤足蕨(P.pectinata)、桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)、西亚黑桫椤(A.khasyana)和金毛狗(Cibotium barometz)的叶表皮微形态进行了观察和比较,探讨其分类学意义,并据此编制了供试10个种类的分类检索表。结果表明:13种瘤足蕨科及其近缘类群植物气孔均仅分布在叶下表皮,气孔微下陷,气孔器椭圆形至圆形;叶上下表皮角质层纹饰复杂,类型多样,少数类群叶下表皮具毛状物;多数类群气孔外拱盖凹陷;气孔外拱盖内缘浅波状或齿状;保卫细胞两极大多数有明显的"T"型加厚。不同种间叶表皮扫描电镜特征表现出一定差异,对种的划分有一定的分类学鉴定意义。     

珍珠贝母体中牛磺酸的提取

以珍珠贝母为原料 ,通过细胞自溶破壁 ,使牛黄酸溶出 ,以离子交换树脂法提取纯化溶液中牛磺酸。实验结果表明 :细胞自溶破壁的最佳条件为温度 4 0℃ ,p H5.5,自溶时间 4 0 h;纯化可使牛磺酸量占氨基酸总量的 80 .6%,回收率为 87.5%。     

Conantiopteris schuchmanii, gen. et sp. nov., and the Role of Fossils in Resolving the Phylogeny of Cyatheaceae s.l.

Conantiopteris schuchmanii gen. et sp. nov. The specimen, 23.2 cm long and 11.7 cm wide, shows helically arranged persistent frond bases embedded in adventitious roots, and is clothed by multicellular trichomes. A parenchymatous pith with mucilaginous cells and sclerotic nests is surrounded by an amphiphloic distyostele, parenchymatous inner cortex, and outer sclerenchymatous cortex. Sclerenchyma also surrounds the cauline vasculature and leaf traces. Medullary and cortical bundles are absent. Phloem contains both axially elongated and tangential sieve elements. Frond bases are oval in outline with three vascular bundles, including an undulating abaxial arc and an adaxial pair. Protoxylem of the stipe is endarch and is associated with cavity parenchyma. These characters are indicative of tree fern affinities. A cladistic analysis using trunk characters of both living and fossil tree ferns was conducted to help establish relationships of the new species and other fossil ferns, and to test hypotheses of general tree fern relationships. Additional analyses of living taxa only were also performed. Results from the analysis using both living and fossil taxa compare favorably with those that included only living species when either morphological characters or molecular sequences of the chloroplast gene rbcL are utilized. Although there are variations in the topologies of the various trees, results indicate that the new genus is nested among a paraphyletic assemblage of dicksoniaceous, lophosoriaceous, and metaxyaceous species that subtend a monophyletic Cyatheaceae s.s. Received 26 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 15 July 1999     

金毛狗脊的化学成分研究

通过对金毛狗脊[Cibotium barometz(L.) J.Sm.]根茎乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行分离纯化,得到8个化合物。经物理方法和谱学分析,分别鉴定为(24R)-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(1),24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇(2),β-谷甾醇(3),(3R)-去-O-甲基毛狄泼老素(4),原儿茶醛(5),金粉蕨亭(6),交链孢霉酚(7)和胡萝卜苷(8)。化合物1、2、4和7为首次从该属植物中分离得到。