首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   43篇
  免费   7篇
  国内免费   20篇
  2023年   1篇
  2022年   3篇
  2021年   5篇
  2020年   3篇
  2019年   2篇
  2018年   2篇
  2017年   7篇
  2016年   1篇
  2014年   3篇
  2013年   3篇
  2012年   6篇
  2011年   3篇
  2010年   2篇
  2009年   1篇
  2008年   5篇
  2007年   4篇
  2006年   5篇
  2005年   3篇
  2002年   2篇
  2001年   1篇
  2000年   1篇
  1999年   1篇
  1998年   1篇
  1997年   1篇
  1996年   1篇
  1992年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1982年   1篇
排序方式: 共有70条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Connectivity for large mammals across human-altered landscapes results from movement by individuals that can be described via nested spatial scales as linkages (or zones or areas) with compatible land use types, constrictions that repeatedly funnel movement (as corridors) or impede it (as barriers), and the specific paths (or routes) across completely anthropogenic features (such as highways). Mitigation to facilitate animal movement through such landscapes requires similar attention to spatial scale, particularly when they involve complex topography, diverse types of human land use, and transportation infrastructure. We modeled connectivity for Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and gaur (Bos gaurus) in the Shencottah Gap, a multiple-use region separating two tiger reserves in the Western Ghats, India. Using 840 km of surveys for animal signs within a region of 621 km2, we modeled landscape linkages via resource selection functions integrated across two spatial resolutions, and then potential dispersal corridors within these linkages using circuit theoretical models. Within these corridors, we further identified potential small-scale movement paths across a busy transportation route via least-cost paths and evaluated their viability. Both elephants and gaur avoided human-dominated habitat, resulting in broken connectivity across the Shencottah Gap. Predicted corridor locations were sensitive to analysis resolution, and corridors derived from scale-integrated habitat models correlated best with habitat quality. Less than 1% of elephant and gaur detections occurred in habitat that was poorer in quality than the lowest-quality component of the movement path across the transportation route, suggesting that connectivity will require habitat improvement. Only 28% of dispersal corridor area and 5% of movement path length overlapped with the upper 50% quantile of the landscape linkage; thus, jointly modeling these three components enabled a more nuanced evaluation of connectivity than any of them in isolation.  相似文献   
2.
王永健  陶建平  张炜银  臧润国  丁易  李媛  王微 《生态学报》2006,26(11):3525-3532
通过样带调查和TWINSPAN、DCCA分析,从植物种、植物群落及其多样性与环境关系方面,研究了岷江上游土地岭大熊猫走廊带恢复植被的干扰状况。结果表明:应用TWINSPAN分类,并结合优势种组成、干扰状况分析及DCCA排序,可将植被划分为6个群落类型,同时划分出响应型、迟钝型、中度干扰忍耐型和重度干扰忍耐型4类干扰响应的植物类型。以样方物种和以样方多样性指数的DCCA分析结果基本一致,物种及群落的空间分布呈明显的聚集格局,反映其与环境因子间的密切关系。DCCA排序图上,海拔差、坡形、与公路距离、坡度及道路条数对群落和物种分布有明显的影响,与干扰相关性最大的坡度、样地道路数目、与公路间的距离3个因子反映了植被的干扰梯度。干扰对土地岭恢复植被影响显著,干扰降低了群落的物种多样性,同时阻碍了演替进程。  相似文献   
3.
河西走廊不同产地‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄果实品质评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了确定河西走廊地区‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄核心品质指标,建立‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄品质综合评价模型。从张掖、武威、嘉峪关3个酿酒葡萄主产市的代表性果园采集6份‘赤霞珠’葡萄样品进行品质测定,通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定‘赤霞珠’葡萄核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重并建立‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质综合评价模型。结果表明:(1)不同产地‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄品质指标存在明显差异性,张掖市国风葡萄酒庄园的‘赤霞珠’葡萄果糖、蔗糖、草酸、柠檬酸含量均高于其他地区,且可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总酚、苹果酸含量在各产地中也均保持在最高水平。(2)相关性分析发现,葡萄果实葡萄糖含量与可溶性固形物含量、果糖与可溶性糖含量之间呈极显著正相关,固酸比和糖酸比均与可滴定酸含量呈极显著负相关关系。(3)综合主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析结果,确定维生素C(Vc)、单宁、果糖和固酸比是‘赤霞珠’葡萄核心品质指标,应用层次分析法建立了‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质综合评价模型为Y=0.0960×Vc含量+0.1611×单宁含量+0.2771×果糖含量+0.4568×固酸比(各指标含量均经过标准化处理)。研究发现,河西走廊地区‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实品质最佳产地是张掖市,果实Vc、单宁、果糖和固酸比是‘赤霞珠’葡萄的核心品质指标,以其建立的评价模型可用于‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质的综合评价。  相似文献   
4.
样点法在森林鸟类调查中的运用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
吴飞  杨晓君 《生态学杂志》2008,27(12):2240-2244
样点法由于具有易于实施、更易做到随机化或系统化以及适合于复杂及斑块化生境等优点,已成为目前使用最为广泛的森林鸟类调查方法。本文在介绍样点法的假设条件、类型和影响鸟类调查准确性因素的基础上,重点介绍了样点法在调查森林鸟类需要考虑的样本大小、样点布设、调查时间、每点的停留时间和调查周期等。同时也分析了样点法的不足,并提出样点法与网捕法结合是提高调查结果准确性的有效途径。  相似文献   
5.
基于1985、1995、2000、2011年的Landsat TM影像解译数据,以河西走廊20个县(市、区)为基本研究单元,运用生态系统服务价值估算法,依据生态系统服务价值指数(ESV)和生态经济协调度指数(EEH),对河西走廊1985—2011年生态经济系统协调度进行评价.结果表明: 研究期间,研究区土地类型结构发生了较大变化,林草地面积减少幅度较大,建设用地和耕地面积增加较快.ESV整体呈下降趋势,研究区东、中部石羊河流域和黑河流域中游ESV变化幅度较大,经济开发方式在本时段发生过显著变化,研究区西部疏勒河流域ESV变化不大.2000年后,研究区经济增长速度明显加快,资源型城市和区域性中心城市是经济增长的热点区,整体上沿走廊中心向两侧递减.研究区生态经济关系整体上经历了“初步恶化-进一步恶化-低度协调”的演变过程,研究区东、中部的石羊河流域和黑河流域中游EEH有较大幅度的变化,生态经济经历了“冲突-进一步冲突-小幅度缓和”的过程,西部疏勒河流域EEH变化幅度较小,石羊河流域和黑河流域高强度的开发模式以及随后的流域综合治理对区域生态经济协调性产生了较大影响.
  相似文献   
6.
Abstract. Habitat fragmentation affects both plants and pollinators. Habitat fragmentation leads to changes in species richness, population number and size, density, and shape, thus to changes in the spatial arrangement of flowers. These changes influence the amount of food for flower-visiting insects and the quantity and quality of pollinations. Seed set in small populations is often reduced and genetic variation is expected but not always found to be low. The majority of studies show that low flower densities have reduced pollination success and higher inbreeding. Density effects are stronger than size effects. Most studies concluded that species richness in flower-visiting insects is directly related to richness in plant species. However, the consequences of low insect species richness for pollination are not always clear, depending on the studied pollinator-plant relationship. The effects of the presence of simultaneously flowering species are highly dependent on the circumstances and may range from competition to facilitation. Other flowering plant species may play a role as stepping stones or corridor in the connection between populations. In the absence of stepping stones even short distances between populations act as strong barriers for gene flow. We illustrate the present review paper with own data collected for three plant species, rare in The Netherlands: Phyteuma spicatum ssp. nigrum (Campanulaceae), Salvia pratensis (Labiatae) and Scabiosa columbaria (Dipsacaceae). The species differ in their breeding systems and in the assemblage of visitor species. Data are shown on the effects of population size on species richness with consequences for seed set. Effects of flower density and isolation on pollen exchange are given. Since plant reproduction depends on the behaviour of individual insects and not on the overall behaviour of the species, the examples all point to individual insects and extrapolate to effects at the species level.  相似文献   
7.
对河西走廊荒漠植物的群落类型、盖度、密度、重要值、地上生物量等进行了调查,收集整理各区域的气候资料,对它们的关系进行了初步研究。结果显示:(1)物种种类组成、总密度与海拔、经度呈正相关,与纬度呈负相关,在走廊的东南→西北方向上呈递减趋势。(2)在活动积温(>10℃)>3 200℃的荒漠地区,灌木(包括半灌木)在群落中占有绝对优势,其重要值可达到100;当活动积温在3 000℃左右时,群落往往是一些过渡类型,或以草本为优势种、以半灌木或灌木为伴生种,或以半灌木为优势种、以多年生草本为伴生种。(3)在年降水量110 mm以上的荒漠地区,植物群落生活型主要为半灌木或多年生草本;在年降水量110 mm以下的地区,生活型主要为小灌木或一年生草本;在年降水量小于50 mm的极端干旱地区,只有在雨季时有一年生草本生长。表明荒漠生态系统植被稀疏,生物量小,对气候因子,特别是降水变化敏感,对其保育显得尤为重要。  相似文献   
8.
河西走廊植被净初级生产力时空变化及其影响因子研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
干旱半干旱区植被NPP变化对全球碳循环有重要影响,该区域NPP对气候变化的响应表现出较大的时空异质性,其驱动机制并不十分清楚。选择中国河西走廊,利用随机森林算法估算了2002-2018年的NPP,基于偏导数法计算了气候与人类活动对NPP的影响。结果表明:(1)随机森林算法能较好的适用于干旱半干旱区NPP估算。(2)2002-2018年间河西走廊年NPP的平均值为153.32 gC m-2 a-1,总量为37.468 Tg C/a,呈东南向西北递减的分布特征,研究期间NPP呈2.37 gC m-2 a-1P=0.09)增长趋势。(3)河西走廊NPP变化52.51%由气候因子贡献,47.49%由人类活动贡献。(4)在气候变化对NPP的影响中,降水主导了该区72.21%的区域,温度对NPP变化量的贡献占73.71%,前者影响着NPP变化格局,后者主导NPP变化数量。升温和增湿均有利于该区NPP增加,随着西北地区气候暖湿化,河西走廊植被会持续改善,该研究有助于理解干旱半干旱区NPP对气候变化的响应机制,为适应气候变化政策制定提供理论依据。  相似文献   
9.
Roe deer is a protected species in Iran as its population and distribution in the country have considerably declined. Roe deer are threatened by several factors such as habitat fragmentation and road mortality, so studying their distribution and movement through the increasing habitat destruction and fragmentation is necessary. This will become increasingly important because climate change will transform the species’ future habitat and connectivity patterns. We evaluated the roe deer’s potential distribution range in northern Iran and, for the first time, developed connectivity models and designed corridors for the present and future to make better conservation plans. We collected 91 points indicating the presence of roe deer in the study region. After developing ensemble models using six species distribution algorithms, we defined high-ranked habitat cores using the concept of landscape suitability prioritization. From these, we designed connectivity and corridors in two time-frames with the help of least-cost paths and circuit theories to predict the potential movement throughout the study area. We estimated that the overall core habitats for roe deer in the present and future periods are, respectively, around 1200 km2 and 2600 km2, corresponding to 2 and 4 percent of the whole area. This suggests that the habitat core will expand in the future as a result of climate change. Similarly, the connectivity among the cores will strengthen. We also conclude that the temperature-driven and anthropogenic variables significantly affect the distribution of roe deer in northern Iran. It is necessary that conservationists and managers consider the designed corridors in the present study while planning conservation strategies.  相似文献   
10.
Width is an essential element of the spatial configuration of riparian forests and may be fundamental in determining their corridor function. In the present study we tested the effect of forest width on floristic structure (tree species composition and diversity) in 15 fragments of riparian forest in an agricultural fragmented landscape of SE Brazil. All these fragments were chosen in a geomorphological homogeneous river reach under similar soil, topographic and human disturbance conditions in order to minimize the influence of these factors. The forest widths considered ranged from 30 to 650 m. The results showed that total species richness and climax species richness were significantly greater when we consider larger fragments, as has been observed in other studies. Nevertheless, species diversity and evenness were not significantly correlated with forest width. The analysis of species composition showed that the narrowest fragments were characterized by species well adapted to temporary flood conditions, while medium and wide fragments showed a composition typical of drier upland areas. Therefore, the effect of forest width on floristic structure appears to be more strongly linked to the effect of river floods in the case of the fragments studied. The existence in riparian corridors of a drier forest, in general richer and more diversified than the annually flooded forest, seems to favor the maintenance of regional species diversity in fragmented landscapes.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号