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1.
猪粪堆肥化处理过程中的氮素转变及腐熟度研究   总被引:53,自引:3,他引:50  
经过63d堆肥化处理后,猪粪与木屑混合堆肥及猪粪,木屑与树叶混合堆肥的T-N分别从开始的1.57%和1.78%增加到2.0%和2.11%;水溶性NO3-N/水溶性T-N均从接近于0的水平增加到3%左右;水溶性有机N/水溶性T-N分别增加到70%和76%;水溶性NH4-N/水溶性T-N则分别从开始52%和61%下降至堆肥结束时的30%和24%。种子发芽系数的测定结果表明,加入树叶有利于猪粪的腐熟化,可使猪粪堆肥化处理所城的时间从42d缩短至35d。化学指标与种子发芽系数的相关分析结果表明,水溶性NH4-N/水溶性T-N,水溶性NO3-N/水溶性T-N和水溶性有机N/水溶性T-N均与种子发芽系数呈显著相关,可作为堆肥的腐熟度评价指标。  相似文献   
2.
Summary Composting was investigated as a bioremediation technology for clean-up of sediments contaminated with explosives and propellants. Two field demonstrations were conducted, the first using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine (HMX), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) contaminated sediment, and the second using nitrocellulose (NC) contaminated soil. Tests were conducted in thermophilic and mesophilic aerated static piles. Extractable TNT was reduced from 11840 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg, and NC from 13090 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg under thermophilic conditions. Under mesophilic conditions, TNT was reduced from 11 190 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. The thermophilic and mesophilic half-lives were 11.9 and 21.9 days for TNT, 17.3 and 30.1 days for RDX, and 22.8 and 42.0 days for HMX, respectively. Known nitroaromatic transformation products increased in concentration over the first several weeks of the test period, but decreased to low concentrations thereafter.  相似文献   
3.
田哲  张昱  杨敏 《微生物学通报》2015,42(5):936-943
随着四环素类抗生素在畜禽养殖中的广泛应用,畜禽粪便已成为四环素类抗生素和抗性基因的重要富集位点,其未经处理直接施用具有潜在的生态环境和人类健康风险。堆肥化处理可有效消减畜禽粪便中的四环素类抗生素,并且对抗性基因的扩散和传播具有一定的控制效果。本综述比较了不同的堆肥化工艺对粪肥中四环素类抗生素消减的效果,并重点讨论了其微生物降解机理,总结了堆肥化处理对粪肥中四环素抗性基因消减的研究进展,进一步讨论了堆肥化处理过程中抗性基因变化的微生态机理与控制策略,最后提出了采用热水解等预处理工艺去除抗生素压力和采用厌氧堆肥化工艺增强抗性基因控制的技术建议,以及从动态的角度采用高通量的检测技术来解析抗性基因消减机制的研究策略建议。  相似文献   
4.
Abstract Little information exists about nitrogen losses through microbial activity during treatment of solid urban waste (SUW) by processes such as composting. In the present study, in addition to evaluating the pattern of nitrogen losses by denitrification at different stages of the process, a comparison between the method of Pochon and Tardieux, and an improved gas chromatographic method for estimating denitrifying populations was undertaken, Though the MPN (Most Probable Number) enumerations were higher using the colorimetric method than the gas chromatographic one, the patterns of the two graphs showing numbers of denitrifiers during composing were the same. The highest numbers were revealed immediately after loading the reactor (107–108/g d.w.), lower numbers of denitrifiers were found in the second sampling corresponding to the thermophilic phase (103–104/g d.w.). These numbers increased gradually as the waste material stabilized (10th to 123rd day of composting) to again reach values of 107–108/g d.w.  相似文献   
5.
城市生活垃圾堆肥发酵中微生物菌群变化规律的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对垃圾处理厂静态堆肥不同区域的微生物菌群与数量的分析,表明了城市生活垃圾堆肥发酵中微生物菌群的变化规律,温度与微生物菌群的相关性,指出了高温微生物菌群数量影响堆肥的效率。建议在静态一次堆肥发酵周期中,增加通气量和翻堆频率,有利于增强微生物菌群的活力和提高堆肥质量。  相似文献   
6.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of different N-rich animal wastes on the composting of ligno-cellulosic wastes by a range of classical and novel methods, with particular emphasis on microbial community composition.  相似文献   
7.
Olive pomace was composted by using a reactor for a period of 50 days in four bioreactors. Urea was added to adjust C/N ration between 25–30. At the end of 50 days of composting using Trichoderma harzianum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, cellulose and lignin were highly degraded. It was found that after 30 days, P. chrysosporium and T. harzianum degraded approximately 71.9% of the lignin and 59.25% of the cellulose, respectively. The percent of ash content in the raw waste mixture was 13%. This percentage increased from 13% to 18.55% in treatment bioreactors and from 13% to 13.55% in control reactors during 50 day of composting process. The amount of CO2 produced by the treated sample was 3 mg of CO2/g organic carbon which is indicated that the treated sample was considered as stable compost. The results proved that the use of accelerating agents was found to be efficient in producing mature stable with nearly non-phytotoxicity compared to control sample in less than 50 days.  相似文献   
8.
Enzymatic activity, i.e. respiratory activity, dehydrogenase activity, phosphatase activity, caseinian protease activity, BAA protease activity and urease activity, was determined to investigate the process of biochemical transformations and to select enzymatic indices of maturity of composts prepared from feathers and lignocellulose wastes (bark, straw). Composting was conducted for 7 months, with periodic determinations of activity of the enzymes. The study revealed significant differences in the enzymatic activity, related with the duration of composting and with the substrate composition of the composts. Generally, composts enriched with straw were characterised by higher enzymatic activity than composts without any addition of straw. It was found that the activity of such enzymes as cellulase and protease, towards the end of the period of composting decreased and stabilised. The enzymes enumerated can be taken into consideration in estimation of the maturity of composts prepared from feathers and lignocellulose wastes.  相似文献   
9.
Yu H  Zeng G  Huang H  Xi X  Wang R  Huang D  Huang G  Li J 《Biodegradation》2007,18(6):793-802
The changes of microbial community during agricultural waste composting were successfully studied by quinone profiles. Mesophilic bacteria indicated by MK-7 and mesophilic fungi containing Q-9 as major quinone were predominant and seemed to be important during the initial stage of composting. Actinobacteria indicated by a series of partially saturated and long-chain menaquinones were preponderant during the thermophilic period. While Actinobacteria, fungi and some bacteria, especially those microbes containing MK-7(H4) found in Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content or Actinobacteria were found cooperate during the latter maturating period. Since lignocellulsoe is abundant in the agricultural wastes and its degradation is essential for the operation of composting, it’s important to establish the correlation between the quinone profiles changes and lignocellulose degradation. The microbes containing Q-9 or Q-10(H2) as major quinone were found to be the most important hemicellulose and cellulose degrading microorganisms during composting. While the microorganisms containing Q-9(H2) as major quinone and many thermophilic Actinobacteria were believed to be responsible for lignin degradation during agricultural waste composting.  相似文献   
10.
Pandey AK  Gaind S  Ali A  Nain L 《Biodegradation》2009,20(3):293-306
A composting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hyperlignocellulolytic fungal consortium and different nitrogen amendments on paddy straw composting in terms of changes in physicochemical and biological parameters. A fungal consortium comprising four lignocellulolytic mesophilic fungal cultures was used as inoculum for bioaugmentation of paddy straw in perforated pits. The comparative effect of farmyard manure (FYM), soybean trash, poultry litter and urea on the composting process was evaluated at monthly intervals in terms of physicochemical (pH, EC, available P, C:N ratio and humus content) and biological (enzymatic and microbial activity) parameters. The compost prepared from bioaugmented paddy straw composting mixture, with poultry manure as nitrogen supplement attained desirable C:N ratio in 1 month and displayed least phytotoxicity levels along with higher production of β-1,4-Exoglucanase. The combined activity of the autochthonous composting microbiota as well as the externally applied fungal inoculum accelerated the composting process of paddy straw. Supplementation of paddy straw with poultry manure in 8:1 ratio was identified as the best treatment to hasten the composting process. This study highlights the importance of application of fungal inoculum and an appropriate N-amendment such as poultry manure for preparation of compost using a substrate having high C:N ratio, such as paddy straw.  相似文献   
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